M: PATHO LAB (INTRO) Flashcards
branch of natural science which deals with diseases at biochemical,
cellular, tissue, and organ levels
Pathology
study of cellular and tissue responses to injuries or insults
Pathology
What does “pathos” means?
Suffering
emphasis on animal diseases
Veterinary Pathology
state of ill health or the opposite of health; just manifestations of cellular and tissue responses to injuries or
insults
Disease
state of normal functioning of body structures in relation to
homeostasis
Health
What are the 4 branches of pathology?
General
Systemic/special
Nutritional
Clinical & Diagnostic
deals with diseases at cellular and tissue levels
General Pathology
deals with diseases at organ system level
Systemic/ special pathology
diseases associated with nutritional deficiency or excesses
- e.g., hypervitaminosis A in rabbits
Nutritional Pathology
deals with disease evaluation thru laboratory and other diagnostic
test
Clinical and diagnostic pathology
father of modern patho, cellular patho, and author
of doctrine on continuity of cellular life
Rudolf virchow
father of humoral patho (body fluids) and father of
human medicine
Hippocrates
What are the 4 humors/ body fluids?
Phlegm
Blood
Yellow bile
Black bile
contribution in pathological anatomy, compile a
textbook entitled the “seats and causes of diseases”
Giovanni Morgagni
first tissue pathologist for he observe the behavior of tissue on chemicals
Marie Francois Bichal
laid procedures in necropsy
Carl Rokitansky
roman; author the 4 cardinal signs of
inflammation
Aulus Cornelius Celsus
What are the 4 signs of inflammation?
Pain
Redness
Heat
Swelling
What is the 5th cardinal sign of inflammation and according to who?
Loss of function by Rudolf Virchow
Author of “process of cellular eating”
Elie metchnikoff
Father of blood circulation and physiology
William Harvey
postulated the cell theory stated that all plants and animals are
made up of cells
FQ: who’s the zoologist and botanist?
Theodore Schwann
Matthias Schleiden
T= zoo
M= bota
invented the first
microscope)
Hans and Zacharias Jansen
used microscope for
observing biological specimens)
Anton Van Leuuwenhoek
Father of immunization or vaccination
Edward Jenner
post-mortem examination of human body
Autopsy
post-mortem examination of animal body
Necropsy
examination of tissue section from living sick animals or
humans
Biopsy
Suspecting tumors and cancers
Biopsy
Any morphological abnormalities that are well defined and circumscribed by checking edges with definite demarcation between normal and abnormal
Lesions
Foul odor from the dead are due to:
Indole, skatole, hydrogen sulfide, putrescein, cadaverine
functional abnormalities visible to the veterinarian orphysician
Clinical sign
Subjective functional abnormality felt by patient and cannot be seen by the physician
Symptoms
Findings that are distinctive pr characteristic of a particular disease or condition that can be used to make a diagnosis
Pathognomonic
Dark kidney lesion associated with hog cholera and csf which ate candidate for viral isolation and identification
What are the possible cause?
Turkey Egg Kidney
Salmonella
Streptococcosis
Erysipelas
Asf
Involuntary muscle twitching (head & legs)
What is the c/s of this?
What is the tx?
Chorea
Distemper
Vit B complex
Has involuntary movement but not related to distemper.
REM (Myoclonus)
Has involuntary movement but not related to distemper.
REM/ Myoclonus
study of theory of disease causation; any cause of disease
Etiology
4 Categories for Disease Etiology
Physical
Chemical
Lower forms of parasitic plants
Lower forms of parasitic animal
diseases of unknown causation (e.g., sinasapian)
Idiopathic
process of disease development from the time of entry of the etiologic agent into host up to clinical manifestations of disease up to recovery or death of the patient
Pathogenesis
From the time of entry of etiologic agent to host
Incubation period
possible outcome of disease; will the animal patient recover or die?
Prognosis
3 Possible Result or Termination of Disease
Full recovery
Partial recovery/ invalidism
Death
inevitable with 100% case fatality rate
Rabies
4 Types of Diagnosis
Morphologic dx
Etiologic dx
Clinical dx
Definitive dx
looking for presence of character lesion; visible morphological lesion
Morphologic dx
looking for specific cause of disease
etiologic diagnosis
looking for apparent signs and symptoms
clinical diagnosis
the naming of exact disease
definitive diagnosis
next step after diagnosis; patient care and management to combat the disease or infection
Tx
2 Treatment Protocols
administration of chemotherapeutic agents or drugs
thru surgical interventions - removing tumors
refers to disease prevention and control
Prophylaxis
diseases are due to evil spirits
theory of demons
disease are punishment of god
divine wrath theory
that the position of
stars, moons, earth, and sun in the universe affect animal health
metaphysical medicine or miasmatic theory
4 elements of life affect animal health and
4 humours of the body affect animal health
universe of natural law
widely acceptable theory; infectious diseases are
caused by infectious agents
Fq:
no direct contact is necessary
direct contact is necessary
Contagion
Infectious
Contagious
interaction coming from the agent, host, and environment.
Multifactorial Causation of Disease
Triad of Disease
Fq: who postulated this?
Who and what he debunked?
Agent
Host
Environment
Evan (evan’s postulate)
Koch’s Postulate
2 Groups of Predisposing Facto
Extrinsic/ environmental factors
Intrinsic/ host factors
Enumerate 5 intrinsic/ internal factors of disease.
a. species
b. age
c. sex
d. color
e. heredity
f. breed
g. conformation
Modes of Transmission of Infectious Agents
Horizontal
Vertical
Lateral transmission of agents and its examples
a. direct b. indirect c. inhalation d. ingestion
transmission of agents from mother to offspring and its example
Vertical
a. congenital b. transplacental (TP) c. trans colostral (TC) d. transmammary (TM)
Portals of Entry
- intraocular/intraconjuctival/eye
- intranasal
- oral/peroral
- percutaneous/intact skin
- venereal/sexual contact
- inoculative
Over/apparent signs/symptoms
Clinical Disease
Covert/ inapparent/ asymptomatic
Subclinical Dss.
Maintenance of Health and Disease Prevention
1.proper management in herd or flock
2. immunostimulation thru proper diet, exercise, vitamins, and mineral
supplementation
a. b complex and c vitamins - has immunostimulant property
b. levamisole - an anthelmintic or dewormer with
immunostimulant property
3. avoidance of stress factor and overcrowding
4. avoidance of contact or exposure with infectious agents
5. control of vectors and destruction of their breeding phases
6. chemotherapy
may sakit na, gagamutin ang patient
chemotherapy
nagkakaroon na ng sakit sa paligid and then
inuunahan bigyan ng gamot ang animal
chemoprophylaxis
Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis are highly indicated for the control of this protozoal disease
Trypanosomiasis
