Video12 pb Antidotes Flashcards
A 27-year-old man presents to the emergency room with tachycardia, dilated pupils, agitation and poor dental hygiene.
What is the diagnosis and treatment?
Methamphetamine overdose; Antidote Ammonium chloride. Treatment of the symptoms with Benzodiazepines, Antipsychotics and Hypertensives.
What is the Toxic dose of the Acetaminophen?and what is the Maximum dose? And Antidote?
Higher or equal as 12g (24-hr period).
Maximum dose 4g (24-hr period).
Antidote: N-Acetylcysteine.
Which are the symptoms of an Aspirin overdose? What is aspirin’s antidote?
Symptoms: Nauseas, vomiting, Dizziness and Tinnitus.
Antidote: Sodium bicarbonate (Alkalinizes the urine).
*really high doses you can use dialysis.
What is the antidote of the organophosphate poisoning?
Pralidoxime.
What is the antidote of Anticholinergic overdose?
Physostigmine.
What is the antidote of Beta-blockers and Verapamil overdose?
1) Glucagon: increased cAMP in the myocardium.
2) Atropine: Increased Heart rate.
3) Calcium: Contractility and myocardium conduction.
What is the antidote of Digitalis/Digoxin overdose?
Anti-Dig fragments.
A 3-year-old patient presents with 2 hours of abdominal pain, hematemesis, melena and lethargy. The patient is suspected of eating a bottle of vitamins.
Iron poisoning ( causes Frequent transfusions, Beta-thalassemia and Sickle cell disease). Antidote: DeFeroxamine.
What is the antidote of lead poisoning?
Developmental delay or nonspecific GI symptoms.
Antidote: Dimercaprol, EDTA (edetate calcium disodium) Succimer and Penicillamine.
What is the antidote of Mercury, Arsenic, or gold poisoning?
Dimercaprol and Succimer.
What is the antidote of Copper, arsenic, or gold poisoning?
Penicillamine. Patients with Wilson’s disease.
What is the antidote of Cyanide toxicity?
Causes: House fire, Excess sodium nitroprusside.
Antidote: Nitrites, Hydroxocobalamin and Thiosulfate.
What is the antidote of Methemoglobin?
Methylene Blue and Vitamin C
A 53-year-old homeless man presents with confusion, headache, vertigo and Flu-like symptoms. On exam he has very red-appearing lips.
This patient has Carbon monoxide poisoning (Kerosene lamps, heaters, stoves) and the antidote is 100% oxygen.
What is the antidote of Methanol (or Ethylene glycol)?
Causes: Antifreeze.
Antidote: Fomepizole: Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase.
*also you can use Ethanol because it compete for the same receptor as methanol.
