Video 13 Brain Tumors

Question 1

In what patients is more common the supratentorial tumors?

Answer 1

1) Adults: Supratentorial.

2) children: Infratentorial.

Question 2

What are the principals causes of tumor in adults?

Answer 2

MGM Studios. Metastasis, Glioblastoma, Meningioma, Schwannoma.

Question 3

Which is the most common primary brain tumor in adults?

Answer 3

Glioblastoma.

Question 4

What grade of the astrocytoma is the Glioblastoma?

Answer 4

Grade IV astrocytoma.

Question 5

How is the prognosis in a patient who has a Glioblastoma?

Answer 5

Very poor prognosis, it is the highly malignant number one brain tumor.

Question 6

How long is the life expectancy on a patient with Glioblastoma?

Answer 6

From 6 months to 1 year, it is rapidly progressive.

Question 7

Where is the more common localization of Glioblastoma?

Answer 7

Located in cerebral hemisphere.

Question 8

What can we see in the histological of the Glioblastoma?

Answer 8

“Pseudopalisading” pleomorphic tumor cells -border central areas of necrosis and hemorrhage.

Question 9

Stain Astrocytes for GFAP…

Answer 9

Glioblastoma

Question 10

What is the second most common primary brain tumor in adults?

Answer 10

Meningioma

Question 11

Which are the characteristics of the Meningioma?

Answer 11

1) Slow growing.
2) Originates in arachnoid cells.
3) Located near surface of brain.
4) Often resectable and/or Radiosurgery.

Question 12

What are the histological features of the Meningioma?

Answer 12

1) Spindle cells concentrically arranged in a whorle pattern.
2) Psammoma bodies (laminated calcifications).

Question 13

What is the third most common brain tumor in adults?

Answer 13

Schwannoma.

Question 14

What is the name of the Schwannoma when this localized in CN VIII?

Answer 14

Acoustic schannomas, vestibular Schwannoma or acoustic neuroma.

Question 15

What is the definition of Schwannoma?

Answer 15

Benign nerve sheath tumor of Schwann cells

Question 16

What is the percentage of the brain tumors that is primary and which is for metastasis?

Answer 16

50% Primary & 50% Metastasis.

Question 17

What tumor marker appears in Schwannoma?

Answer 17

S-100

Question 18

Histology: “Fried egg” - round nuclei with clear cytoplasm.

Answer 18

Oligodendroglioma.

Question 19

Which are the characteristics of oligodendroglioma?

Answer 19

1) Slow growing.
2) Most often in frontal lobes.
3) “chicken-wire” capillary pattern.

Question 20

Which brain tumor secretes pituitary hormone?

Answer 20

Prolactin: Hypogonadism.
Growth hormone: Acromegaly
+ bitemporal hemianopia (compression of optic chiasm leads it’s).

Question 21

Which are the characteristics in Hemangiblastoma?

Answer 21

1) Most often cerebellar.
2) Can produce erythropoietin (due to polycythemia).
3) associated with Von hippel-lindau syndrome and renal cell carcinoma.

Question 22

Which is the most common primary brain tumor in childhood?

Answer 22

Pilocytic (low grade) astrocytoma.

Question 23

Which are the characteristics of the pilocytic astrocytoma?

Answer 23

1) Well circumscribed.
2) Most often found in posterior fossa.
3) Elevated GFAP.
4) Benign, good prognosis.

Question 24

What is the tumor marker of the pilocytic astrocytoma?

Answer 24

GFAP

Question 25

What histological feature do we found in pilocytic astrocytoma?

Answer 25

Rosenthal fiber -Elsinophilic, corkscrew fibers.

Question 26

Which are the characteristics of the medulloblastoma?

Answer 26

1) Highly malignant cerebellar tumor. 2) Compress fourth ventricle, cause hydrocephalus. 3) can send "drop metastases" to spinal cord. 4) Homer-Wright rosettes.

Question 27

In which pathology can we found Homer-Wright rosettes?

Answer 27

Medulloblastoma., small blue cells.

Question 28

What is perivascular pseudorosette found it in ependymoma?

Answer 28

Circular arrangement of tumor cells with a vessel in the center.

Question 29

Homer-Wright rosette.

Answer 29

Medulloblastoma

Question 30

Perivascular pseudoresette.

Answer 30

Ependymoma.

Question 31

What is the most common childhood supratentorial tumor?

Answer 31

Craniopharyngioma.

Question 32

Which tumor derived from remnants of Ratke pouch?

Answer 32

Craniopharyngioma, calcification is common.

Question 33

Adult tumor, whirled pattern, Psammoma bodies.

Answer 33

Meningioma.

Question 34

Pediatric brain tumor, fourth ventricle compression, perivascular rosettes.

Answer 34

Ependymoma.

Question 35

S-100 (+), associated with CN VIII, Neurofibromatosis type II.

Answer 35

Schwannoma.

Question 36

Derived from rathke's pouch, pediatric supratentorial tumor, bitemporal hemianopsia.

Answer 36

Craniopharyngioma

Question 37

Bitemporal hemianopsia, amenorrhea, decreased libido, secretes prolactin.

Answer 37

Prolactinoma

Question 38

Stain with GFAP, pseudopalisading necrosis, number one in adults.

Answer 38

Glioblastoma

Question 39

Elevated GFAP, rosenthal fibers, number one pediatric tumor.

Answer 39

Pilocytic astrocytoma

Question 40

Cerebellar tumor, fourth ventricle compression, homer-wright rosettes.

Answer 40

Medulloblastoma.

Question 41

Cerebellar tumor, polycythemia, Von hippel-lindau syndrome

Answer 41

Hemangiblastoma

Question 42

Slow growing, frontal lobes, perinuclear cytoplasmic clearing.

Answer 42

Oligodendroglioma

Question 43

Which primary brain tumor fits with Pseudopalisading necrosis?

Answer 43

Glioblastoma.

Question 44

Which primary brain tumor fits with polycythemia?

Answer 44

Hemangiblastoma

Question 45

Which primary brain tumor fits Neurofibromatosis type 2?

Answer 45

Schwannoma.

Question 46

Which primary brain tumor is associated with Von hippel-lindau syndrome?

Answer 46

Hemangiblastoma

Question 47

Which primary brain tumor fits with foamy cells, high vascularity?

Answer 47

Hemangiblastoma

Question 48

Which primary brain tumor fits with hyperprolactinemia (galactorrhea, amenorrhea, anovulation)?

Answer 48

Pituitary adenoma.

Question 49

Which primary brain tumor fits Psammoma bodies?

Answer 49

Meningioma

Question 50

Which primary brain tumor fits with fried-egg appearance?

Answer 50

Oligodendroglioma

Question 51

Which primary brain tumor fits with perivascular pseudorosette?

Answer 51

Ependymoma

Question 52

Which primary brain tumor fits with bitemporal hemianopia?

Answer 52

Pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma.

Question 53

Which primary brain tumor fits with worst prognosis of any primary brain tumor?

Answer 53

Glioblastoma

Question 54

Which primary brain tumor fits with child with hydrocephalus?

Answer 54

Medulloblastoma, ependymoma.

Question 55

Which primary brain tumor fits with Homer-wright pseudorosette?

Answer 55

Medulloblastoma.