Video 3 Sympathetic Activation

Question 1

Which are the sympathetic nervous system receptors?

Answer 1

Alpha: 1 & 2.
Beta: 1 & 2.

Question 2

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the eyes? And which receptor is used?

Answer 2

Alpha1: Increase the pupillary dilator muscle contraction (Mydriasis).
Alpha2: Decrease aqueous humor production.
Beta2: Increase aqueous humor production.

Question 3

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the vascular system? And which receptor is used?

Answer 3

Alpha1: Increase vascular smooth muscle contraction.
Beta2: Cause Vasodilation.

Question 4

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the pressure? And which receptor is used?

Answer 4

Alpha1: Increase peripheral resistance and blood pressure.

Question 5

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the GI tract and GU? And which receptor is used?

Answer 5

Alpha1: increase intestinal and bladder sphincter muscle contraction.

Question 6

What are the functions of the Alpha 2 receptor in the, sympathetic pathetic nervous system?

Answer 6

Decrease insulin release, lipolysis.

Increase platelet aggregation.

Question 7

Which are the effects of the sympathetic Beta 1 receptors?

Answer 7

Tachycardia, increase lipolysis, myocardial contractility and release of renin.

Question 8

What are the effects of Beta 2 receptors?

Answer 8

Vasodilation and Bronchodilation.
Decrease peripheral resistance, uterine tone (tocolysis).
Increase lipolysis, insulin release, heart rate.

Question 9

Which receptors of the sympathetic nervous system is predominant in the Vasculature to skeletal muscle?

Answer 9

Alpha 1 and Beta 2 receptors (Beta 2 Predominance)

Question 10

Which receptors of the sympathetic nervous system is predominant in the heart?

Answer 10

Beta 1 receptors

Question 11

Which receptors of the sympathetic nervous system is predominant in the lungs?

Answer 11

Beta 2 receptors.

Question 12

What are the types of Sympathomimetics?

Answer 12

Direct and indirect.

Question 13

Which are the characteristics of the direct Sympathomimetics?

Answer 13

Bind to Adrenergic receptors, and No interaction with presynaptic neuron.

Question 14

Which are the characteristics of the Epinephrine?

Answer 14

Direct sympathomimetic drug, which alpha effects predominate at high doses, and stronger effect at Beta 2- receptor than norepinephrine.

Question 15

In which cases can we use epinephrine?

Answer 15

Anaphylaxis, asthma, Croup, hypotension and open-angle glaucoma.

Question 16

Which are the characteristics of Norepinephrine?

Answer 16

Alpha1 > alpha 2 > Beta 1

Question 17

In which cases can we use a norepinephrine?

Answer 17

Hypotension (but increase renal perfusion), 1st line in Treatment for Septic and Cariogenic shock

Question 18

Which are the characteristics of Isoproterenol?

Answer 18

B1=B2, electrophysiologic evaluation of tachyarrhythmias, can worsen ischemia.

Question 19

In Accord with the doses of Dopamine which receptor is stimulated by low, medium and high doses?

Answer 19

Low: D1=D2.
Medium: Beta 1&2.
High: Alpha 1&2.

Question 20

Which of the direct Sympathomimetic drugs is used in a stress testing?

Answer 20

Dobutamine, beta 1 receptor

Question 21

Which are the applications of Phenylephrine?

Answer 21

Hypotension (Vasocontrictor), ocular procedures (Mydriatic), rhinitis (Decongestant). Alpha 1

Question 22

Which of the direct Sympathomimetics drugs is used for acute asthma and long asthma too?

Answer 22

Albuterol for acute asthma; Salmeterol for long-term asthma or COPD control. B2>B1

Question 23

Which are the characteristics of the terbutaline?

Answer 23

B2>B1, Bronchospasms and Tocolysis.

Question 24

What are the characteristics of Clonidine?

Answer 24

It is an Alpha 2 agonist, stimulate only alpha 2 receptors, negative feedback mechanism.

Question 25

Which a re the characteristics of the indirect Sympathomimetics ?

Answer 25

Norepinephrine release from the presynaptic terminal and inhibit norepinephrine uptake.

Question 26

What are the characteristics of Amphetamine?

Answer 26

Indirect general agonist, reuptake inhibitor and also releases stored catecholamines. Clinical applications: Narcolepsy, obesity and Atention Deficit Disorder.

Question 27

What are the characteristics of Ephedrine?

Answer 27

Indirect general agonist, release stored catecholamines; clinical applications: Nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension.

Question 28

What are the characteristics of Cocaine?

Answer 28

Reuptake inhibitor. Cause vasoconstriction and local anesthesia. Never give B-blockers if cocaine intoxication is suspected (can lead to unopposed alpha 1 activation and extreme hypertension).

Question 29

Which receptors are stimulated by Clonidine?

Answer 29

A2

Question 30

Which receptors are stimulated by dopamine?

Answer 30

D1=D2>Beta>alpha.

Question 31

Which receptors are stimulated by Phenylephrine ?

Answer 31

A1>A2

Question 32

Which receptors are stimulated by Albuterol?

Answer 32

B2>B1

Question 33

Which receptors are stimulated by norepinephrine ?

Answer 33

A1,A2 and B1

Question 34

Which receptors are stimulated by Isoproterenol ?

Answer 34

B1 and B2

Question 35

Which receptors are stimulated by epinephrine ?

Answer 35

Alpha and beta

Question 36

Which receptors are stimulated by dobutamine?

Answer 36

B1>B2

Question 37

Which receptors are stimulated by Terbutaline?

Answer 37

B2>B1

Question 38

Which sympathomimetic given as nebulizer for asthma?

Answer 38

Albuterol or levalbuterol.

Question 39

Which sympathomimetic drug choice for anaphylaxis?

Answer 39

Epinephrine

Question 40

Which sympathomimetic is the most common first line agent for patients in septic shock?

Answer 40

Norepinephrine

Question 41

Which sympathomimetic given subQ for asthma?

Answer 41

Terbutaline

Question 42

Which sympathomimetic is used by ENT to Vasocontrict nasal vessels?

Answer 42

Phenylephrine, cocaine.

Question 43

What is the primary neurotransmitter released by Adrenergic neurons?

Answer 43

Norepinephrine

Question 44

Which of the following medical conditions can be treated with an epinephrine injection? A)bipolar disorder. B)High blood pressure. C)Anaphylactic shock. D)Erectile dysfunction.

Answer 44

C) Anaphylactic shock.