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DIT Recommended Course Order > Video 3 Sleep > Flashcards

Video 3 Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

Alert, active mental concentration in which sleep stage it is? And what waveform EEG shows?

A

Awake (eyes open) and Beta (highest frequency, lowest amplitude).

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2
Q

Meditating, what is the sleep stage of this person and what waveform shows the EEG?

A

Awake (sleep closed), Alpha wave

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3
Q

Which stage is characterized by light sleep and Theta wave in the EEG?

A

Non-REM sleep: Stage N1(5%).

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4
Q

Non-REM sleep: Stage N2 (45%)

A

Deeper sleep; When bruxism occurs, Sleep spindles and K complexes.

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5
Q

Which sleep stage is characterized by sleepwalking, nightmares, and nocturnal enuresis and also Delta waves?

A

Non-REM sleep: Stage N3 (25%). Benzodiazepines decrease stage N3.

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6
Q

What does REM mean?

A

Rapid Eyes Movement.

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of REM sleep (25%)?

A

Loss of motor tone, increased brain O2 use, and variable pulse and blood pressure; when dreaming and penile/clitoral tumescence occur, EEG shows Beta waves.

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8
Q

Which structure of the brain produces the movement of the eyes in REM sleep?

A

PPRF (Paramedial Pontine Reticular Formation)

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9
Q

Relaxation

A

Alpha waves

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10
Q

Stage N1

A

Theta waves

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11
Q

Stage N2

A

Bruxism and Sleep spindles and K complexes.

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12
Q

Stage N3

A

Delta waves, sleepwalking and nocturnal enuresis.

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13
Q

REM

A

Beta waves, lose muscle tone and dreams.

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14
Q

Which are the most common sleep disorders?

A

Insomnia, Restless leg syndrome, Night terrors, Obstructive sleep apnea, Central sleep apnea, Narcolepsy and Nocturnal enuresis.

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15
Q

What types of restless leg syndrome exists?

A

Primary and secondary.

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16
Q

Which are the characteristics of night terrors?

A

Common in children, during the Non-REM slow-wave sleep (stage N3).

17
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea

A

Commonly in obese patients

18
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Patients true from Awake to REM sleep and skip the others stages.

19
Q

Which of the sleep disorders can not be diagnosed until 5 years of age?

A

Nocturnal enuresis.

20
Q

What drugs can be used in nocturnal enuresis?

A

1) Imipramine: TCA, decreases stage N3, Short-term use only.
2) Desmopressin (DDAVP): orally, decreases urination.
3) Indomethacin: Decreases renal blood flow.

21
Q

Sleep patterns in depression

A

Decreases slow wave sleep and increases REM and REM latency.

22
Q

Which are the sleep stages?

A

1) Awake (eyes open).
2) Awake (eyes closed).
3) Non-REM sleep (N1,N2 and N3).
4) REM sleep.

23
Q

Treatment for Insomnia: Melatonin

A

Non-addictive, OCT, vivid dreams, safe for

24
Q

Treatment for Insomnia: Valerian

A

OTC herbal remedy, studies show no benefit.

25
Treatment for Insomnia: Antihistamines (Benadryl, Tylenol PM, Doxylamine).
Commonly used by patients first-line, associated with poor sleep quality, not for long-term use, anticholinergic side effects (avoid in the elderly).
26
Treatment for Insomnia: Trazodone
Antidepressant, increase REM sleep, small risk of priapism.
27
Treatment for Insomnia: TCA's (aminotriptiline, doxepin)
Antidepressants, small risk of Arrhythmias (obtain EKG prior to use), anticholinergic side effects (avoid in the elderly).
28
Treatment for Insomnia: Long acting benzodiazepines (temazepan, lorazepam, clonazepam, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide).
Addictive, short-term only (
29
Treatment for Insomnia: Zolpidem (ambien), zaleplon (sonata)
Act at the benzo receptor, short-term only (
30
Treatment for Insomnia: Ezoplicone (lunesta)
May be used long-term (FDA 2004)
31
Treatment for Insomnia: Ramelteon (Rozerem)
Non-addictive because it works at melatonin receptors instead of GABA/benzo receptors; long-term studies are lacking.
32
What is the treatment for narcolepsy?
Avoidance of drugs that cause sleepiness, scheduled naps (once or twice a day for 10-20min), stimulants-modalities is first line, support group attendance, if cataplexy then use venlafaxine, fluoxetine, or atomoxetine, Sodium oxybate (GHB) can assist in sleep and reduce cataplexy.
33
What EEG waveforms correspond to the different stages of sleep?
Awake eyes open (Beta), Awake eyes closed (Alpha), N1 (theta), N2 (K complexes), N3 (Delta) and REM sleep (Beta)
34
What drugs are used to shorten stage N3 sleep?
Imipramine and benzodiazepines
35
What is the sleep pattern in a patient with narcolepsy?
Rapidly transition from the Awake state to REM sleep
36
In what stage of sleep are night terrors found?
Non-REM sleep: Stage N3
37
How long occurs the REM sleep?
Every 90 minutes

DIT Recommended Course Order (21 decks)

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