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DIT Recommended Course Order > Video 1 Organization Of The Brain > Flashcards

Video 1 Organization Of The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What tumor marker is used in Glioblastoma ?

A

GFAP (Glio Fibrillary Acid Protein) increased.

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2
Q

Phagocytic, actives in response to tissue damage, and also form multinucleated cells in CNS during HIV-Infected microglia.

A

Microglia

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3
Q

What is the function of the Astrocytes?

A

Physical support, repair, K+ metabolism, Reactive gliosis in response to neural injury.

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4
Q

Whisky structure is affected in Guillain-Barré syndrome?

A

Schwann cells

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5
Q

What type of tumor is associated with internal acoustic meatus, and is it bilateral is associated with neurofibromatosis type 2?

A

Acoustic Neuroma, also is a type of schwannoma.

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6
Q

Schwann cells

A

Each Schwann cell myelinated only one axon, also promote axonal regeneration.

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7
Q

Which part of the neuroglia is destroyed in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

A

Oligodendroglia.

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8
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

Myelinated axons of neurons in CNS. Predominant type of glial cell in white matter.

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9
Q

“Fried egg” appearance histologically injured in Multiple Sclerosis?

A

Oligodendrocyte

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10
Q

What kind of conduction have Schwann cells?

A

High conduction velocity via saltatory conduction at the node of Ranvier, where there is a high concentration of Na+ channels.

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11
Q

Which is the neurotransmitter that is increased in anxiety and mania but decreased in depression?

A

Norepinephrine

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12
Q

Where is the location of synthesis of the norepinephrine?

A

Locus ceruleus, reticular formation.

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13
Q

Neurotransmitter: increased in Hintington disease and decreased in Parkinson disease and depression.

A

Dopamine

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14
Q

Where is the location for dopamine synthesis ?

A

Ventral tegmentum and substantial infra pars compacta (midbrain)

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15
Q

What I the level of serum serotonin in Anxiety and Depression?

A

There is decreased in both

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16
Q

At the Raphe nuclei is the synthesis for which neurotransmitter?

A

Serotonin (5-HT)

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17
Q

What type of changes can you find in acetylcholine levels in the following diseases? A)Parkinson B)Alzheimer C)Huntington.

A

A)increased

B&C)Decreased

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18
Q

Which is the neurotransmitter that is synthesized in the Basal nucleus of Meynert?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh).

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19
Q

Which is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and is synthesized in Nucleus accumbens?

A

GABA (Gamma Amino Butyric Acid) also is decreased in anxiety and Huntington disease.

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20
Q

Which are the 3 structures formed the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)?

A

1) Tight junction between nonfenestrated capillary endothelial cells.
2) Basement membrane.
3) Astrocyte foot processes.

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21
Q

What is the function of the BBB?

A

Prevents circulating blood substance (e.g., bacteria, drugs) from reaching the CSF/CNS.

22
Q

Which is the effect in the BBB during a infarction and/or neoplasm?

A

Destroys endothelial cell tight junction and that produce Vasogenic edema.

23
Q

Which are the substance that cross slowly by carried-mediated transport mechanisms the BBB?

A

Glucose and amino acids

24
Q

Which are the substances that cross rapidly via diffusion the BBB?

A

Nonpolar/lipid-soluble substance.

25
What diuretic is commonly given to decrease intracranial pressure?
Mannitol
26
Which is the inhibitory neurotransmitter of the spinal cord ?
Glycine
27
Which is the excitatory neurotransmitter of the CNS?
Glutamate
28
Which structures conformed the Reticular Activating System (RAS)?
Reticular formation, Locus ceruleus and Raphe nuclei.
29
Reticular activating system controls:
Consciousness, wakefulness, attentiveness, at major RAS function major Attentiveness, at RAS lesion causes coma.
30
What structure origins in Mesoderm ?
Microglia
31
Which structures derived from Neuroectoderm?
Neurons, Ependymal cells, Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes and neural crest cells (PNS neurons and Schwann cells).
32
What are the 4 major dopaminergic pathways?
1) Mesocortical pathway. 2) Mesolimbic pathway. 3) Nigrostriatal pathway. 4) Tuberoinfundibular pathway.
33
what is the result of blocking the Mesocortical pathway?
It is ventral tegmental of the midbrain to the cortex, the result of blocking increase negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
34
what is the result of blocking the Mesolimbic pathway?
From the central tegmental of midbrain to lambic system, the result of blocking relieves positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
35
what is the result of blocking the Nigrostriatal pathway?
From the substantia Nigra pars compacta to neostriatum, the result of blocking development Parkinson disease.
36
what is the result of blocking the Tuberoinfundibular pathway?
From the arcade nucleus of hypothalamus to pituitary and the result of blocking increase release of prolactin from anterior pituitary.
37
What disorder is thought to arise from reduced norepinephrine activity? And increased norepinephrine activity?
Decrease by depression and increase by anxiety and mania.
38
What disease is associated with the degeneration of the basal nucleus of Meynert and less CNS acetylcholine?
That decrease acetylcholine formation and develop Alzheimer disease.
39
Look like fried egg under histologic staining?
Oligodendroglia
40
Form multinucleated giant cells in the CNS when infected with HIV?
Microglia.
41
Myelinates multiple CNS axons
Oligodendroglia
42
Myelinates one PNS axon
Schwann cells
43
Damaged in Guillain-barré syndrome
Schwann cells
44
Damaged in multiple sclerosis
Oligodendroglia
45
Macrophages of the CNS
Microglia
46
Cells of the Blood-Brain Barrier
Astrocytes
47
In which neurological diseases is acetylcholine altered?
Decrease in Alzheimer and Huntington diseases and increase in Parkinson disease.
48
What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the CNS? In which diseases are levels altered?
GABA and decrease in Huntington and anxiety.
49
What are the components of the blood-brain barrier?
Capillary lumen, tight junction, Astrocyte foot processes and basement membrane.
50
What kind of drug readily passes through the blood-brain barrier?
Lipophilic

DIT Recommended Course Order (21 decks)

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