Vibrio Flashcards
animals mainly affected with Vibriosis (4)
- Plant-eating animals
- Birds near bodies of water
- Seafood animals
- Freshwater animals
(3) at risk with Vibrio
- immunocompromised
- taking antacid
- recent stomach surgery
(3) zoonotic Vibriosis
[ cvp ]
V. cholerae
V. vulnificus
V. parahaemolyticus
3 environments where Vibrio can be found
- freshwater
- estuarine
- marine
optimum growth of Vibrio
37C ; pH 5 - 7
Can Vibrio tolerate high salt conditions?
NO (mild only, like saltwater sea)
Because of this, new strains of Vibrio emerged
recombination &
horizontal gene transfer
Vibrio
E. coli
Salmonella
..can form this, which persist in the environment.
biofilm
Vibrio:
viable or not
culturable or not?
viable,
not culturable
(3) disinfectants for Vibrio
- Chlorine-bases
- hydrogen peroxide
- 70% ethanol
Vibrio prefers: warm or cold?
WARM
V. cholerae mainly affects? give age
children (below 5 y.o.)
where do Cholera starts?
coastal regions
Major factor of cholera?
Bodies of water
best source of Vibrio?
Plankton blooms
Cholera has become (endemic, epidemic, pandemic) in the Philippines
EN-demic
Vibrio spp that has 2 serotypes
- classified based on antigenic propterties & physiological differences
V. cholerae
Strain of this Vibrio spp is different in US & Asia
V. parahaemolyticus
V. parahaemolyticus preferred season?
temperate, tropical coastal areas
prevalent strain of V. parahaemolyticus
O3 : K6
3 risk factors of V. parahaemolyticus
[ bsc ]
- Ballast water discharge
- Shellfish transport
- Climate warming
V. vulnificus is more common in _____ water
estuarine
Vibrio species that is opportunistic
V. vulnificus
Vibrio spp responsible for more than 95% of seafood-related deaths (US)
V. vulnificus
Which spp has these risk factors
- liver disease
- diabetes mellitus
- tumor
- immunocompromised individuals
V. vulnificus
transmission of Vibrio
any that related with contaminated water & seafood (+ wound)
only Vibrio spp found in FRESH water
V. cholerae (O1 / O139 strains)
Vibrio spp found in SEA-WATER only & thru wound exposure?
V. alginolyticus
Vibrio spp that has symptoms involving 3 biotypes
1 - gastroenteritis, wound infections & human fatal septicemia
2 - farmed eel fatal septicemia
3 - wound infections
V. vulnificus
Vibrio spp involving ear & wound infection
V. alginolyticus
Vibrio spp with ID of >105 CFU/g
V. parahaemolyticus
Vibrio spp with otitis media
V. cholerae (non-O1 / non-O139 strain)
Sample for diagnosis of Vibrio?
- feces / stool
- blood
Definitive diagnosis for Vibrio
Dark Field microscopy (not confirmatory)
Bacterial culture for Vibrio?
Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (selective)
Inhibits growth of Vibrio
thiosulfate-citrate
Vibrio spp that fermente sucrose which lowers acidity of medium?
V. cholerae
Vibrio spp that cannot ferment sucrose (same pH)
V. parahaemolyticus
Diagnosis for genes of Vibrio
- cholera toxin (CTX)
V. parahaemolyticus:
- TDH
- TRH
PCR
(2) supportive treatment for Cholera?
- IV fluid
- PO of electrolyte & glucose drinks (mild cases)
Treatment for “children” with diarrhea cased by Vibrio ? give span of tx
It reduces frequency & recurrence
Zinc therapy (for 2 weeks)
Antibiotics of choice for Vibrio (shortens duration)
[ 34 DEA ]
3rd & 4th gen cepahlosporin
doxycycline
erythromycin
azithromycin
Resistant for Vibrio
[ P VAE ]
Penicillin
Vancomycin
Ampicillin
Erythromycin
Vaccination for vibrio is only available for ____
dose?
humans ; once (some are boosted)
meaning of WASH
Water
Sanitation
Hygiene
2 Reporting system needed to be improved for Vibrio
• Surveillance system
• International reporting system
definition of COVIS
Cholera & Other Vibrio Information Service
gives idea on current ecology & epidemiology of Vibrio
COVIS
WHO wants to end cholera in ___?
2030
What does multi-sectoral approach mean?
hotspots are targeted to eradicate
