Plague Flashcards
Plague is mainly a disease of ____
rodents
most severe Plague in history
Black Death
(75-200M deaths)
3 biovars of Plague
[ amo ]
Antiqua
Medievalis
Orientalis
2 biovars in Central Asia
Antiqua & Medievalis
biovar in Africa
Antiqua
biovar that is widespread
Orientalis
most affected place due to Plague
Madagascar (endemic)
(2) preferred season of Plague
- summer
- spring
warm temp
high relative humidity
Occurence of Plague
• remote places
• delay in dx & tx
Natural disaster & destruction of habitat caused widespread of ___, increasing Plague transmission.
fleas
Incidental host for plague
Humans
Plague
vector —
IH —
vector — fleas
IH — rodents
optimal growth temp of Plague
30 C (capable at 4C — 41C)
What fomites can Plague survive in? (2)
soil
steel
ID of Plague?
clue - low
1 - 10
(4) diseases of Plagues in HUMANS
- Bubonic
- Septicemic
- Pneumonic
- Rare
(2) diseases caused by flea bite
- Bubonic
- Septicemic
more common septicemic form
2 Septicemic (secondary)
(1) primary septicemic form
[ ehp ]
- epistaxis
- hematuria
- petechiae
the zoonotic Plague
Septicemic form
Human-Human transmission Plague caused by:
primary — INHALATION
secondary — infected blood to LUNGS
Pneumonic form
most common Plague
Bubonic
self-limiting plague
Rare form (pestis minor)
Plague that causes swollen femoral lymph nodes as clinical signs
Bubonic form
Plague bacteria per:
• blood meal —
• bite —
• blood meal — 300
• bite — 20,000
Plague case fatality of bubonic form w/o treatment
50-70%
Plague case fatality of Bubonic form with treatment
10-15%
Plague case fatality of Septicemic form with treatment
40%
(2) with 100% case fatality rate w/o treatment
- Septicemic
- Pneumonic
100% case fatality rate with or w/o tx
Pneumonic form
(3) Case definitions of Plague
[ San Pablo City ]
- Suspected
- Presumptive
- Confirmed
Case definition involved in
• clinical signs
• epidemiological feature
• flea bite evidence
• travel to endemic places in previous 10 days
Suspected case
consistent with 2 out 4 positive tests
• gram negative coccobacilli
• Wayson / Giemsa
• F1 antigen (ELISA / dipstick)
• single anti-F1 serology
Presumptive case
In serologic tests, any previous exposure of Plague leads to?
false-POSITIVE
case with 2 out of 4 positive BACTERIAL CULTURE
Confirmed case
(2) virus used in lysis of bacteria ng Plague
• 20-25C
• 37C
- Podo-viridae
- Myo-viridae
Biochemical profile of Plague
IMViC
IMViC
( - | + | - | - )
catalase = (+)
most common form of Plague in CATS
bubonic form
resistant to Plague
rodents
Type of plague for GOATS & CAMEL
OCULAR plague
type of hemorr septicemia in rodents with Plague
Subclinical / Fulminant
Not known to develop Plague
x CHiPS x
Cattle
Horse
Pig
Sheep
stains for Plague (2)
- Wright-Giemsa
- Wayson
samples for nutrient agar of Plague (3)
- blood
- bubo aspirates
- sputum
interval of latex agglutination for Plague
1 - 2 weeks interval
most important prevention for Plague
early diagnosis
1st line of antibiotics for Plague
Cotrimoxazole
other antibiotics for Plague
[ sdc ]
Streptomycin
Doxycycline
Chlorampenicol
route of vaccine for high risk group of Plague
give interval
IM (weeks 1, 5, 6)