Vestibular, Taste, And Smell

Question 1

Semicircular canals

Answer 1

In 3 planes of space. Control eye muscles. Have ampullae at end of canal that have hair cells

Question 2

Otoliths

Answer 2

Tiny stones found in utricle and sacuole, detect acceleration/deceleration.

Question 3

Vestibular sense to brain

Answer 3

Vestibular nuclei (brainstem) and/or cerebellum directly.

Question 4

Motion sickness

Answer 4

Difference between vision and vestibular sense

Question 5

Taste receptor cells

Answer 5

On taste buds which are on papillae on tongue

Question 6

Salty taste

Answer 6

Ionotropic. Receptor is an ion channel for Na+ .

Second type - TRP receptor

Question 7

Sour

Answer 7

Ionotropic. Responds to increase in H+ concentration

Question 8

Sweet

Answer 8

Metabotropic-g protein: gusducin. At least 4 types of receptors. I’d take away one when reduced ability to differentiate btw sweet flavors.

Question 9

Bitter

Answer 9

Uses labeled like (harder to diff btw bitter flavors).

Uses T2R.

Question 10

Umami

Answer 10

At least two toes of receptors.
Binds GLU.
Heterodimer -combination of T1R receptor. Responds to amino acids

Question 11

Taste in brain

Answer 11

Facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus cranial nerves to nucleus of solitary tract, to thalamus, to primary gustatory cortex (insula) and frontal cortex.

Question 12

Nucleus of solitary tract

Answer 12

Controls reflex to reject bad tasting things

Question 13

Primary gustatory cortex

Answer 13

In insula (in temporal lobe) and frontal cortex.

Question 14

Cupula

Answer 14

Gelatinous mass that hair cells are embedded in the semicircular canals

Question 15

Olfactory epithelium

Answer 15

Dorsal and septal part of nose.
Contain olfactory receptors. Cilia extend into mucosa,
Odorants bind.

Question 16

Glomerulus

Answer 16

A complex arbor of dendrites from a group of olfactory cells. Cilia extend from.

Question 17

Mitral cell

Answer 17

A type of cell in the olfactory bulb that conducts smell info from the glomeruli to the rest of the brain

Question 18

Olfactory bulb

Answer 18

Anterior projection of brain that terminates in the upper nasal passages and thru small opening in the skull provides receptors for smell. Goes to two systems: limbic and preparaform cortex. From olfactory nerve.

Question 19

Limbic system pathway for olfaction

Answer 19

Amygdala, hippocampus to hypothalamus to frontal cortex. Older system

Question 20

Newer system of olfaction

Answer 20

Preparaform cortex to thalamus to frontal cortex