Emotions, Aggression, And Stress

Question 1

Emotion

Answer 1

A subjective mental state that is usually accompanied by distinctive behaviors and involuntary physiological changes. Encompasses affect, behavior, cognitive components.

Question 2

James-Lange theory

Answer 2

The theory that our experience of emotion is a response to the physiological changes that accompany it. Phys response triggers emotional response. Based in evo. Suggests that every emotion has its own phys response.

Question 3

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 3

The theory that our experience of emotion is independent of the simultaneous phys changes that accompany it.

Question 4

Cognitive attribution model (Schachter- Singer theory)

Answer 4

The theory that our emotional experience results from cognitive analysis of the context around us, so that phys changes may accentuate emotions, but not specify with emotion we experience. Epinephrine and anger/happiness studies

Question 5

Eight basic emotions

Answer 5

Anger, sadness, happiness, fear, disgust, surprise, contempt, embarrassment.

Question 6

Facial expression

Answer 6

Mediates by facial and cranial nerves. Two diff pathways of control- voluntary and involuntary

Question 7

Facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 7

Facial expressions feed back to the brain to tell about emotions.

Question 8

Adaptivity of emotions

Answer 8

Maintain cooperative relations with other members of group, mating, avoiding predators, find food. Emo can reinforce behaviors, put labels on things

Question 9

Brain self-stimulation

Answer 9

The process in which animals will work to provide electrical stim to particular brain sites, presumably because the experience is very rewarding. Ex. Septum stim bc activated DA pathway.

Question 10

Medial forebrain bundle

Answer 10

A collection of axons raveling in the midline region of the forebrain. From midbrain to basal forebrain,

Question 11

Papez circuit

Answer 11

A group of brain regions within the limbic system. Includes mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus, anterior thalamus, cingulate cortex, hippocampus and the fornix.

Question 12

Emo pathway

Answer 12

Parahippocampal gyrus in temporal lobe to hippocampus (decides if this matches or not), amygdala attaches emotion (reverberating circuit), and hypothalamus attaches phys response.

Question 13

Intermale aggression

Answer 13

Aggression btw males of the same species. Dominance and social control related to reproductive behavior. More physical

Question 14

Female aggression

Answer 14

Manipulate social standing, not physical aggression. Protect young.

Question 15

Androgens and aggressive behavior

Answer 15

Only need a threshold amount to produce behavior. If don’t have, aggression decreases, 5HT increases. Losing/wining teams study. Alcohol depresses bc it increases GABA

Question 16

Human violence

Answer 16

Causes: brain damage, birth complications, abused, poverty, drug use, psychopathy, reduced prefrontal activity.

Question 17

Emotional dyscontrol syndrome

Answer 17

a condition of temporal lobe disorders that may underlie some forms of human violence

Question 18

Stress

Answer 18

Any circumstance that upsets homeostatic balance

Question 19

Autonomic nervous system response

Answer 19

Sympathetic ns

Hypothalamus, to spinal cord (thoracic part), to major organs ex adrenal.

Question 20

Pituitary-Adrenal axis stress pathway

Answer 20

Hypothalamus secretes CRL, to anterior pituitary (secretes ACTH), to adrenal medulla (ne and epi endocrine version)
And adrenal cortex (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids)
Humans use bc can anticipate things.

Question 21

Adrenal medulla

Answer 21

Secretes norepinephrine and epinephrine, prepare body for action

Question 22

Adrenal cortex

Answer 22

Secretes glucocorticoids like cortisol (real stores of energy from liver) and mineralocorticoids like aldosterone

Question 23

Stress immunization

Answer 23

The concept that mild stress early in life makes an individual better able to handle stress later in life.

Question 24

Prolonged stress in childhood

Answer 24

Can have negative effect on glucocorticoid receptors in hippocampus- hypersecrete cortisol all the time - epigenetic changes

Question 25

Phagocyte

Answer 25

An immune system cell that engulfs invading molecules of microbes

Question 26

B lymphocyte

Answer 26

An immune system cell formed in bone marrow that mediates humoral immunity, such as antibodies. Makes antibodies

Question 27

T lymphocytes

Answer 27

An immune system cell formed in thymus that attacks foreign microbes or tissue; “killer T cells”

Question 28

Antibody

Answer 28

Aka immunoglobulin. A late protein that recognizes and permanently binds to particular shapes, normally as part of the immune system attack on foreign particles.

Question 29

Cytokines

Answer 29

Produced by T lymphocytes. Make us feel crappy when sick, allow for time to rest. Induces proliferation of other cells in immune system.

Question 30

Effects of stress

Answer 30

Depression of immune system- colds, cancer and other diseases.

Question 31

To reduce stress

Answer 31

Exercise, release stress, thinking positive, social support from others.