Touch and pain

Question 1

Labeled lines

Answer 1

The concept that each nerve input to the brain reports only a particular type of information

Question 2

Sensory transduction

Answer 2

Conversion of specific energy to brain-readable form (action potentials)

Question 3

Receptive fields

Answer 3

Each cell has an area that it monitors ex different parts of fovea

Question 4

Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 4

Skin receptor cell that detects vibration

Question 5

Meissner’s corpuscles

Answer 5

Skin receptor cells that detect light touch

Question 6

Merkel’s disc

Answer 6

Detect fine touch (discriminate btw things)

Question 7

Ruffini nerve endings

Answer 7

Detect stretching of skin

Question 8

Touch pathway to brain

Answer 8

Late myelinated fibers to spinal cord through dorsal root ganglia to medulla, cross in pons, to thalamus, to primary somatosensory cortex in parietal lobe.

Question 9

Range fractionation

Answer 9

Different touch receptors are specialists at different intensities of stimuli

Question 10

Nociceptors

Answer 10

A receptor that responds to stimuli that produce tissue damage or pose the threat of damage.

Question 11

Prostaglandins

Answer 11

Released when tissue damage occurs, bind to nociceptors in brain

Question 12

TRPV1

Answer 12

Heat receptor. Capsaicin binds here. Unmyelinated fibers = slow response. Dull, lasting pain.

Question 13

TRPV2

Answer 13

Heat receptor. Responds to higher temps. Alpha- large myelinated axons =quick response.

Question 14

Cool-menthol 1 (CMR1)

Answer 14

Respond to cool stun. Small C-fibers

Question 15

Pruroreceptors

Answer 15

Itch receptors. Run parallel w pain fibers, can influence each other

Question 16

Free nerve endings

Answer 16

Respond to mechanical damage. When severed, open up Na+ channels, signal to spinal cord.

Question 17

Spinal pathway for pain

Answer 17

Go through anterolateral or spinothalamic system. Afferent fibers use GLU and substance P. Signals cross in spinal cord instead of pons.

Question 18

Neuropathic pain

Answer 18

Created by brain ex phantom limb pain. Remapping of somatosensory cortex after amputation

Question 19

Mirror treatment

Answer 19

For someone who has lost a limb. See it in mirror image of forget limb. Reduce pain.

Question 20

Cingulate cortex and pain

Answer 20

Where emotional side of pain is

Question 21

Opiate drugs

Answer 21

Mimic body’s endogenous opiates. Go down spinal cord (top down) and close pain gates. Can get physically dependent on them. μ subtype receptor for men and κ for women most effective

Question 22

Electrical stim of brain

Answer 22

Stim periaquiductual gray, activates opiates to close gates of pain.

Question 23

Marijuana

Answer 23

Act on spinal cord and free nerve endings to reduce pain

Question 24

TENS

Answer 24

Helps release endogenous opiates

Question 25

Placebos

Answer 25

Also release endogenous opiates. Effect can be blocked by naloxone (opiate antagonist)

Question 26

Acupuncture

Answer 26

Releases endogenous opiates. Blocked by naloxone

Question 27

Stress

Answer 27

When in high stress, cannibinoids and opiates released