Neurotransmitters

Question 1

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer 1

Found in muscles, brain. Accelerator of movement. Learning/memory.

Pathway: basal forebrain to all cortex
Amine

Question 2

Dopamine (DA)

Answer 2

“Brake” of movement.
Monoamine
3 pathways:
-movement pathway: from midbrain (substantia nigra) to basal ganglia (caudate nucleus and putamen)
-reinforcement pathway: from ventral tegmentum (VTA) to Nucleus accumbens (NA)
-cortical pathway: from VTA

Question 3

Norepinephrine (NE)

Answer 3

Arousal, orientation in space, pay attention. Mood. If not enough, depression.
Monoamine
Pathway: from locus coeridus (brainstem) to all of brain

Question 4

Serotonin (5HT)

Answer 4

Comes from carbs.
Monoamine
Regulates mood, sleep,submissive behavior if too much, aggressive if too little.

Pathway: from raphe nuclei (brainstem) to the rest of the brain

Question 5

GABA

Answer 5

Is inhibitory.
Found all over brain
Amino acid

Question 6

Glutamate

Answer 6

Excitatory, works against GABA.
All over brain
Amino acid

Question 7

Endophins and enkephalins

Answer 7

Endorphins. Natural analgesics. Reinforcement of stuff we already know to be good/bad.
Opioid peptides

Question 8

Gas neurotransmitters

Answer 8

NO. Produced in dendrites, can diffuse freely.