vestibular function Flashcards

1
Q

what do vestibular labryinths sense?

A

head motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how many axes of rotation are detected by the semicircular canal?

A

one of the three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the otolith ( utricle and saccule detect)?

A

3 axes of translational movement and force of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the purpose of the vestibulo-ocular -reflex?

A

to keep the visual scene steady on the retina during head movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what structure is the ampulla apart of and what are some of it’s properties?

A

it is apart of the semicircular canal of the inner ear and it has hair cells w/ directional orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the semicircular canal important for?

A

angular acceleration in ( rotational direction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the utrical and saccular detection system used for?

A

inertial guidance detectors and detectors of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do the sacculus and the utricle striola separate?

A

hair cells with opposite polarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how is the saccculus directed

A

VERTICALLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how is the utricle directed?

A

horizontally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the ________ of a group of hair cells located on the same side and are in the same orientation

A

kinocilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the ampulla of each canal are oriented in _________?

A

the same direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why is there continuous representation of all body movements?

A

because there are structures on both sides of the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

in the utricle and the sacculus the cilia of the hair project into the _________ _________ _________

A

gelatinous otolithic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the mecahnism for stimulating hair cells differs btw __________ vs ___________ and ___________

A

ampulla vs. the utricle and the sacculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the otoconia?

A

a calcium carbonate covering which provides mass to cover the membrane

17
Q

*when you are accelerating forward what is the displacement of the otolithic membrane and hair cells? and what type of polarization is this?prob on test see pg 914

A

backward

depolarization( i.e. increasing response of innervating CN8 -excitation)

18
Q

*when you are decelerating what is the displacement of the otolithic membrane and hair cells? and what type of polarization is this? prob on test see pg 914

A

forward

hyperpolarization (i.e. decreasing response of innervating CN8 -inhibition)

19
Q

forces acting on the head and the displacement of the otolithic membrane will __________ or ___________ sets of hair cells

A

excite or inhibit

20
Q

* the displacement of the otolithic membrane and hair cells is in the _________ direction of the _______force prob on test

A

the opposite direction of the inertial force

21
Q

how many degree of rotation do we detect?

A

three ( i.e. 3 axis: yaw ( z axis), roll (x axis), pitch( y axis) see p6 916

22
Q

which canals on either of the head work together?

A

the anterior canal on one side works with the posterior canal of the other side

23
Q

explain the mechanism of how the anterior canal on one side works with the posterior canal of the other side

A

rotation in a particular direction will yield excitation of the hair cells in one canal of a pair and inhibition in the other

24
Q

the semicircular canal is filled with?

A

fluid

25
Q

what membrane is displaced by the inertia of the fluid in the canals?

A

the cupula

26
Q

fluid flow and angular acceleration are in the _______ direction

A

opposite

27
Q

when you move your head to the right what happens to the vestibular nerve on the right and what happens to the one on the left

A

the one on the right is excited ( depolarized) and the one on the left is inhibited ( hyperpolarized)

28
Q

explain the vestibular ocular reflex with and example of turning to the left

A

the left vestibular nuclei is excited while the left is inhibited–> the left vestibular nuclei excites the right abducens and via the mlf the left CN III is excited and the eyes turn right , the inhibition o of the left vestibular nuclei inhibits the left abducens and right CN III

29
Q

why does nystagmus result in pathological conditions

A

the brain can mistake the resting discharge as representing a head movement

e.g. if there is no firing from the left canal and there is baseline firing in the right canal there will be a right nystagmus ( named for the resetting of the saccade) because it mimicks rotation to the right i.e. a slow movement of eyes to the left ( as in a normal rotation to the right) and a snap back to the right quickly

30
Q

if a person has no firing in the right ear which way would they fal if they try to get up from their seat and why ?

A

they would fall the right

the pathology mimicks a rotation to left so the person thinks they are falling left and they will excite their extensor muscles to compensate and maintain posture which disrupts balance