epilepsy Flashcards
What regulates the function of ion channels ( eg. Na+ and Ca2+ channels)?
beta subunit
what is the structure of Na+ and Ca2+ channels?
four 6 membrane spanning regions
What is the structure of a K+ channel?
6,2,4,or 7 membrane spanning regions
define a seizure
abnormal EXCESSIVE and SYNCHRONOUS electrical discharge of brain neuronal network
( bunch of neurons firing at the same time)
What is ( seizure related) aura?
a part of the ictal phase of the seizure ( very short lasting- can be just seconds) -
a sensation that the seizure is coming
What is ( seizure related) prodrome?
it occurs before the seizure in the pre-ictal phase.
pt. doesn’t feel well for hours or days but it’s not technically part of the synchronous electrical activity (seizure).
Based on ILAE classification what is a partial seizure ?
A seizure localized to one hemisphere
Based on ILAE classification what is a generalized seizure ?
a seizure which involves both hemispheres and si usually subcortical ( i.e. not in the cortex) therefore they can spread.
Based on ILAE classification what is a simple partial seizure?
a localized seizure w/o impairment/loss of consciousness.
Could have motor or sensory manifestations
Based on ILAE classification what is a complex partial seizure?
a localized seizure w/ impairment ( but not total loss) of consciousness
e.g. of symptoms: staring into space , automatism ( lip smacking and tongue movement–> indicates that the temporal lobe is involved)
Based on ILAE classification what two types of seizures can be classified as generalized?
convulsive and non-convulsive
What does the figure 4 sign indicate?
- can be seen in a partial focal seizure that became a 2˚ generalized seizure or at a focal stage.
-Secondary Motor Area ( SMA) is involved
which is locate in the mesial part of the frontal and parietal lobes.
What is an absence seizure?
a complex seizure common especially in children.
it can be typical or atypical
Symptoms: Pt is doing something then stops and stares and then continue what they were doing but have no recollection of the seizure or what happened during it.
what can occur during the tonic phase of epileptic seizures?
an eplieptic cry: which results from respiratory: pharyngeal muscles contract.
What is a tonic-clonic seizure?
tonic- muscles tense up and clonic repeated contracture: i.e. contraction and relaxation of muscles