sleep disorders Flashcards
what are the ventral lateral and median preoptic area of the hypothalamus known for?
the VPLO is a sleep center,
they are both involved in making you sleep because they increases GABA and Galanin activity which is inhibitory to arousal centers
and they both turn off the histamine based TMN wakefulness
when do the ventral lateral proptic area and median preoptic area of the hypothalamus fire?
during NREM, not during wakefulness
when does the ventral lateral preoptic area fire most
while we are asleep ( it keeps us asleep)
when does the median preoptic area fire most
as one drifts off to sleep ( puts us asleep)
why are we paralyzed during REM?
because GABA and glycine are released by neurons into the spinal neuron tract
and Ach is firing and therefore we become atonic
when do we have high levels of adenosine?
when we are awake (during metabolism)
when do we have low levels of adenosine?
when we are asleep
if someone is sleep deprived what happens to the propensity to sleep?
it is increased
how does caffeine counter sleepiness?
it is an antagonist to adenosine receptors it displaces adenosine therefore we don’t feel as tired
what does lack of light cause the release of?
melatonin from the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus
what controls the circadian clock?
genes and proteins including: CRY, CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1, PER2, PER3 some of which fluctuate on a 24 hour basis
what outside factors modify our clock?
exogenous melatonin, caffeine, alcohol. light, food, excercise/activity,social interaction
what does a build up of adenosine result in?
inhibitory feedback of wakefulness centers and stimulates VLPO sleep center so sleep occurs
how is insomnia defined?
difficulty initiating or maintaing sleep , early morning awakening , non-restorative sleep for a month that isn’t due to a pathology, pyschological problem or drinking alcohol or coffee
how do we treat insomnia?
with sleeping pills or sleep hygiene
what area in particular is not working as well if sleep deprived?
anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices