Cellular Mechanisms of Learning and Memory Flashcards
What is declarative memory?
storage and retrieval that is available to the conciseness and can be expressed ( declared) e.g. phone #s and words of a song, past events.
spatial memory is also declarative
What is non declarative memory?
memory that is not available to conciseness : skills, associations, e.g. how to use a phone or how to sing
What type of epilepsy did HM have and what type of was removed to cure this?
He had intractable epilepsy i.e. constant grand mal seizures which disrupted his life.
He had bilateral medial temporal lobe resection: his uncut, amygdala, periamygdaloid cortex and 2/3 of his hippocampus were removed
How describe what was intact after H.M’s surgery and what changed
His IQ, short term memory, and ( RETROGRADE) memory of events before the operation were normal.
His longer term memory of events post-op (ANTEROGRADE) was not intact. therefore, if he read something and you gave it to him to read again 10 minutes later he wouldn’t know he had already read it.
Did H.M have intact declarative, non declarative, or both forms of memories post-op? ( what did in the star tracing task demonstrate in H.M.?)
H.M H.M had non declarative memory post-op and showed normal procedural task ability ( on the third of star tracing test because he had done the task several times.
Although he didn’t remember that he had done the task before he improved because he lacked declarative memory (of past events).
How was R.B ‘s memory impairment compared to H.M’s?
R.B suffered anoxia due to cardiac arrest and had more modest impairment. THis pt. had specific bilateral brain damage to the CA1 region of the hippocampus.
What happens to rats w/o hippocampus vs normal rats in the spatial learning and memory pool test?
rats w/o hippocampus don’t learn how to get to the platform in the pool in a shorter amount of time.
normal rats use the visual cues like windows, clocks, etc. to navigate their way through the opaque water to the platform in a quicker time after 10 trials because they have declarative memory ( spatial memory).
what areas of the brain are involved in declarative memory?
HIPPOCAMPUS, rhinal cortex, amygdala, mammillary body, prefrontal cortex, basal forebrain, fornix, thalamus,
Although the neocortex is not directly an area of declarative memory how is it involved in declarative memory?
memories are consolidated and distributed to the neocortex from the hippocampus therefore there are lots of synapses between these 2 regions ( mostly glutamatergic synapses)
what is the difference between immediate working and long term memory?
and how much of immediate working memory become long term?
immediate- fractions of seconds
working-seconds to minutes ( e.g searching for a lost object
long-term- days- years
some into from working and immediate make it to long term but most is forgotten
What type of memory is the neocortex very important in?
long term
what does long term memory depend on?
growth and/or reordering of relevant synaptic connections.
what area of the brain is needed for long term memory of words ( a declarative process)?
wernicke’s area
What area of the brain is needed for long term memory of faces and objects ( a declarative process)?
temporal cortex
what areas of the brain are involved in non declarative long term memory?
cerebellum, basal ganglia, premotor cortex, and other sites related to motor behavior.
What area of the brain are needed for short term declarative memory?
hippocampus and related structures
what area of brain is needed for short term non-declarative memory?
unknown but presumably widespread
what is intrinsic trisynaptic?
3 synapses w/ axons that can be stimulated
intense stimulation of the preforant path leads to what?
release of glutamate and LTP ( long term potentiation) in the granule cells.