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neuroscience > clinical correlation perimetry and clinical correlation of visual field defects > Flashcards

clinical correlation perimetry and clinical correlation of visual field defects Flashcards

1
Q

what is the visual field?

A

the area of space perceived by the eye

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2
Q

how far out can you see nasally and temporally, respectively?

A

60˚ nasally and 100˚ temporally

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3
Q

where is our blind spot located and why don’t we perceive it?

A

at about 16 to 17˚ in the temporal direction and the filling defect makes us unaware that it exists

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4
Q

what is important about the top of traquair’s island of vision?

A

that is where we see 20/20 below that our vision goes down ( see pg. 461)

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5
Q

due to kinetic perimetry you will see ________and __________ objects in periphery.

A

brighter and bigger

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6
Q

due to kinetic perimetry you’ll see __________and__________ objects close to

A

dimmer and smaller

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7
Q

in static perimetry objects don’t move) you see dimmer objects ____________ and you can see brighter objects_____________

A

dimmer objects closer to you

and brighter objects can be seen in the periphery.

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8
Q

what’s an inexpensive fast, and practical way to test visual field? and explain how it works

A

confrontation visual field in which the doctor stands arm length from the patient, the patient covers 1 eye w/ palm of their hand, while the examiner covers their contralateral eye and the stimulus is brought into the patients visual field from the periphery.

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9
Q

what is confrontational visual field good for detecting?

A

central scotoma ( if they can’t see the doctor’s eye, nose, but sees the ears) and hemianopias ( if they only see one side.

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10
Q

due to kinetic perimetry when do you see dimmer and smaller things in your visual field?

A

when they are closer to you

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11
Q

due to kinetic perimetry when can you see bigger and brighter things in your visual field?

A

you can see them in periphery

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12
Q

what criteria is static perimetry based on?

A

how bright ( it can be seen in the periphery) vs. how dim ( something that can only be seen up close) the object is

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13
Q

explain how a confrontation visual field is done.

A

in a well lit room the doctor stands arm length from the pt and asks the pt to cover one eye. the doctor closes their contra lateral eye ( i.e if the examining the pts’ right eye doctor will close the left eye as they are facing the pt )and a bright object is brought into the pts visual field from the periphery

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14
Q

why is red object often used in the confrontation visual field?

A

because of the higher sensitivity w/ a red colored object

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15
Q

what visual deficits is the confrontation visual field good for diagnosing?

A

central scotomoa ( pt may see the doctor’s ears but won’t see the nose or eye)

hemianopias ( only see one side)

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16
Q

what is hand moment ( in the periphery useful for) in a confrontation visual field?

A

to test monocular temporal crescent in early chiasmal syndrome for example

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17
Q

what does the amsler grid test?

A

the central 10˚ of the visual field.

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18
Q

what does tangent screen test?

A

central 20˚ visual field

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19
Q

what is the goldman machine/test?

A

the manual kinetic visual field testing machine

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20
Q

what is the humphrey machine/test?

A

the automatic visual field testing machine

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21
Q

what is a scotoma?

A

part of the visual field is missing

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22
Q

what is an arcuate?

A

an arc-like shape defect produced by retinal nerve fiber bundle damage

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23
Q

what is altitudinal?

A

HALF OF VISUAL FIELD IS MISSING:superior or inferior defect that respects horizontal meridian- splits horizontally

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24
Q

what is hemianopia?

A

HALF OF VISUAL FIELD IS MISSING: nasal or temporal defect that respects the vertical meridian - splits vertically

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25
Q

how do you tell difference between relative right eye hemianopia?

A

see pg. 474

26
Q

what is a homonymous defect?

A

one on the same side in both eye

27
Q

what is a heteronymous defect?

A

one on the opposite side of left and right eye example (bitemporal) see pg. 474

28
Q

what is congruous and what is incongruous?

A

defect similar in both eyes and defect different in both eyes, respectively.

29
Q

what divides the retina into superior and inferior?

A

the horizontal raphe

30
Q

where is the central 10˚ of the visual field?

A

the macula (fovea w/ in the macula specifically)

31
Q

a central scotoma is present in what disease?

A

macular degeneration

32
Q

in glaucoma a __________ defect is seen

A

arcuate defect

33
Q

an altitudinal defect is typical of_______________?

A

Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) i.e. stroke of the optic nerve ( not enough O2 to that nerve) ( upper half of vision is bocke see pg. 477)

34
Q

inferior nasal retina carries the ________ field and crosses at the __________ of the chiasm

A

supratemporal field

bottom of the chiasm

35
Q

superior nasal retina carries the ________ ________ field and crosses at the __________ of the chiasm

A

inferotemporal field

top of the chiasm

36
Q

Pituaitary pushes on inferior fibers so you have a ___________ ___________ field defect

A

bitemporal superior

37
Q

which fibers form a little chasm w/in the chasm

A

the macular fibers : the central 10˚ divide at the chiasm

38
Q

what are the symptom’s of junctional syndrome?

A

blindness in the ipsilateral eye and partial anopsia in the contralateral eye due to the fibers that loop around in the chasm ( willibrand’s knee)

39
Q

inferior nasal retina carries the ________ ________ field and crosses at the __________ of the chiasm

A

supra temporal field

bottom of the chiasm

40
Q

superior nasal retina carries the ________ ________ field and crosses at the __________ of the chiasm

A

inferior temporal field

top of the chiasm

41
Q

* ( might be on test) beyond ( anterior to) the chiasm lesions produce what type of field defects ( usually?) (* need to check w/ professor)

A

homonymous and incongruous

42
Q

posterior to the chiasm a lesion is usually ( (*** need to check w/ professor) )

A

congrous

43
Q

what are symptoms of anterior chiasmal syndrome?

A

ipsilateral optic neuropathy , decreased visual acuity, relative afferent pupillary defect,

contrallateral junctional scotoma w/ normal visual acuity, and color vision

44
Q

a lesion in the optic nerve leads to what 3 things?

A

decrease in visual acuity, decrease in color vision, relative afferent pupillary defect

45
Q

a lesion in the optic tract could lead to? (*** need to check w/ professor)

A

homoymous defects, incongruous , visual acuity is spared, contralateral relative afferent pupillary defect, contralateral hemiparesis

46
Q

*** ( might be on test) beyond ( anterior to) the chiasm lesions produce what type of field defects ( usually?)

A

homonymous and incongruous

47
Q

Parietal lesion or injury of temporal ( i.e. optic radiations lesion) lead to?

A

quadrantanopia

48
Q

where do the retinal ganglion cells synapse?

A

the lateral geniculate nucleus

49
Q

a lesion in the optic nerve leads to what 3 things?

A

decrease in visual acuity, decrease in color vision, relative afferent pupillary defect

50
Q

Why is the anterior meyer’s loop important?

A

anterior meyer’s loop is 4 cm from temporal tip important for doing surgery on epilepsy pts.

51
Q

if there is a lesion in the lateral geniculate body what type of defect is seen ( theoretically because never actually seen)?

A

congruous homonymous sectoranopia

52
Q

Parietal lesion or injury of temporal radiations lead to?

A

quadrantanopia

53
Q

in the LGN Parietal radiation travel to_______ and carry which field fibers?

A

straight to the calcarine fissure

inferior field

54
Q

describe the Temporal radiations path as they leave the LGN and what field fibers does it carry?

A

travel forward loop around and then go to calcarine fissure)

carries superior field

55
Q

visual cortex and occipital lobe lesions in general cause?

A

homonymous congruous defects.

56
Q

macular sparing is common but not exclusive of a lesion in which area?

A

the occipital lobe

57
Q

what can result from a calcarine field loss if there is damage in the right occipital lobe?

A

sparring of the monocular ( left) temporal crescent because the left anterior part of the calcarine fissure is untouched.

58
Q

what can result from a calcarine field loss if there is bilateral upper posterior occipital injury?

A

inferior altitudinal central scotomas

59
Q

what can result from a calcarine field loss if there is bilateral posterior occipital injury?

A

bilateral homonymous hemianopic central scotomas with macular sparring

60
Q

visual cortex and occipital lobe lesions in general cause?

A

homonymous congruous defects.

61
Q

50% of the posterior lobe ( occipital) is devoted to?

A

the central 10˚ of the visual field.

neuroscience (32 decks)

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