Vessels Flashcards
At what level does the azygous vein pass the diaphragm?
T12 via the aortic opening
At what level does the azygous vein enter the SVC ?
T4
Arch of aorta
- Second sternocostal articulation
2. T4
Branches of aortic arch
- Brachiocephalic
- Left common carotid
- Left subclavian
Descending thoracic aorta
T4 - T12
Abdominal aorta
- Enters abdomen at T12
2. Bifurcates at L4
Abdominal aorta is crosses anteriorly by
- Splenic vein
- Body of pancreas
- D3
- Left renal vein - inferior to the origin of the SMA
To the right of abdominal aorta
- IVC
- Right ureter
- Azygous vein
On the left of abdominal aorta
- Left sympathetic trunk
2. Left ureter
Common iliac artery
Usually has no branches
Origin: L4
End: in front of SIJ - (level of pelvic brim) bifurcate in to internal and external iliac artery
(Ureter passes in front of the artery at the level of the bifurcation)
External iliac artery
Origin: bifurcation of common iliac artery at level of SIJ End: mid inguinal point Branches 1. Inferior epigastric 2. Deep circumflex iliac
Internal iliac artery
Origin: bifurcation of common iliac artery in front of SIJ
End:
Divides in to anterior trunk and posterior trunk
Inferior mesenteric vein
- Drains in to splenic vein
Axillary artery
- Continuation of subclavian artery
- Commences at outer border of 1st rib
- Ends as lower border of tendon of teres major (brachial artery)
Divisions of axillary artery
- Above pectoralis minor - superior thoracic artery
- Behind pectoralis minor - thoraco-acromial artery, lateral thoracic artery
- Below pectoralis minor - subscapular artery, posterior humeral circumflex artery, anterior humeral circumflex artery
Common carotid artery
Origin: brachiocephalic trunk on the right, arch of aorta on the left
Ascends within the carotid sheath along with IJV (laterally)
End: upper border of thyroid cartilage C4
Divides under cover of SCM in to internal and external carotid artery
External carotid artery
Origin: common carotid
Spirals over internal carotid to lie laterally at C2
Crossed by facial n and hypoglassal
Then enters parotid gland between superficial and deep lobes where it divides in to its terminal branches
Terminal branches of external carotid artery
- Three branches from the front - superior thyroid, lingual, facial
- One deep medial branch - ascending pharyngeal
- Two branches from behind - occipital, posterior Auricular
- Two terminal branches - superficial temporal, maxillary
Internal carotid
Origin: common carotid
Continues within carotid sheath to enter skull
Just above the carotid bifurcation there is a small bulge in ICA - carotid sinus - contains baroreceptors - supplied by glossopharyngeal nerve (stimulation - bradycardia and hypotension)
Behind carotid bifurcation - carotid body - chemoreceptors
What lies anterior to left common iliac vein
Left common iliac artery
What is superior to the splenic vein in the midline?
Coeliac trunk
What runs a torturous course along the superior border of the pancreas
Splenic artery
Origin of internal jugular vein
Jugular foramen as a continuation of the sigmoid sinus
Lies lateral to internal then to common carotid artery in carotid sheath
Passes behind clavicle where it joins the subclavian vein to become the brachiocephalic vein
Subclavian vein
Continuation of axillary vein
Beginning at lateral border of the 1st rib
Passes anterior to scalenus anterior
The thoracic duct enters left subclavian
Subclavian vein and internal jugular vein unite to form brachiocephalic vein
Right and left brachiocephalic veins unite to form SVC
Internal jugular vein in neck
- Lies anterior to scalenus anterior
2. Lateral to common carotid
