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Anatomy > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

0
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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1
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A
  1. Tibialis anterior
  2. EHL
  3. EDL
  4. Peroneus tertius
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2
Q

What is the nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep peroneal nerve

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3
Q

What arteries supply the trochanteric anastomoses ?

A

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries

Medial and lateral circumflex femoral

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4
Q

Where is the growth plate for the head of femur?

A

Intra capsular

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5
Q

Where is the growth plate for the trochanter?

A

Extra capsular

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6
Q

Obturator nerve?

A

L2, L3, L4
Branches unite in substance of psoas major
Crosses SIJ to enter lesser pelvis - lies lateral to internal iliac vessels and ureter
1. Medial compartment of thigh - obturator externus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor Magnus, gracilis
2. Cutaneous branch - often absent - skin and facia of distal 2/3rds of medial aspect

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7
Q

What does the anterior branch of the obturator nerve innervate?

A
  1. Adductor brevis
  2. Adductor longus
  3. Gracilis
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8
Q

What does the posterior branch of the obturator nerve innervate?

A
  1. Obturator externus

2. Part of adductor Magnus

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9
Q

Boundaries of adductor canal

A
  1. Vastus medialis - laterally
  2. Adductor longus and Magnus- posteromedially
  3. Sartorius - anterior
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10
Q

Profounda femoris

A
  1. Largest branch of femoral artery
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11
Q

Popliteal artery

A
  1. Deepest structure in popliteal fossa

End: lower border of popliteus - divides in to anterior tibial and posterior tibial artery

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12
Q

Anterior tibial artery

A
  1. Enters the anterior compartment of leg via an opening in the interosseous membrane
  2. Descends with the deep peroneal nerve
  3. Enters foot under the extensor retinaculum to become Dorsalis pedis (EHL medial and EDL lateral)
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13
Q

Posterior tibial artery

A
  1. Passes deep to soleus and gastrocnemius
  2. Tibial nerve is initially medial but crosses posteriorly to lie on the lateral side
  3. Passes through tarsal tunnel
  4. Passes behind medial malleolus - divides in to medial planter and lateral planter
  5. Supplies posterior compartment
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14
Q

Contents of tarsal tunnel

A
  1. Posterior tibial artery
  2. Tibialis posterior
  3. FDL
  4. FHL
  5. Tibial nerve
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15
Q

Peroneal artery

A
  1. Arises near origin of posterior tibial artery
  2. Descends behind fibula
  3. Lateral compartment
16
Q

Muscles of lateral compartment

A
  1. Peroneus longus
  2. Peroneus brevis
  3. Superficial peroneal nerve
17
Q

Muscles of deep posterior compartment

A
  1. FHL
  2. FDL
  3. Popliteus
  4. Tibialis posterior
  5. Posterior tibial artery
  6. Tibial nerve
18
Q

Muscles of the superficial posterior compartment

A
  1. Gastrocnemius
  2. Soleus
  3. Plantaris
  4. Short saphenous vein
  5. Sural nerve
19
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

L4/5 S1/2/3
Two branches
1. Tibial nerve
2. Common fibular nerve (common peroneal nerve)

20
Q

Superficial peroneal nerve

A
  1. Cutaneous innervation anterior lower third of leg

2. Cutaneous innervation dorsum of foot

21
Q

Femoral nerve

A
  1. Quadriceps femoris
  2. Sartorius
  3. Pectineus
22
Q

Anterior femoral cutaneous nerve

A

Sensory innervation medial and anterior thigh

23
Q

Lateral sural cutaneous nerve (branch of common peroneal nerve)

A

Innervation of skin lateral side of leg

24
Q

Sural nerve

A
  1. Runs down the posterior leg with long saphenous nerve

2. Sensory innervation to posterior surface of lower leg and lateral side of foot

25
Q

Saphenous nerve (branch of femoral nerve)

A

Sensory innervation to medial side of leg and foot

26
Q

Femoral sheath

A
  1. Lateral compartment - FA
  2. Intermediate compartment - FV
  3. Medial compartment - Femoral canal
27
Q

Cutaneous branches of femoral nerve

A

From anterior division - Medial and intermediate cutaneous nerves of thigh - supply skin of medial and anterior surfaces of thigh
From posterior division - saphenous nerve - runs down medial side of leg as far as medial malleolus, terminates in the region of the ball of big toe

28
Q

Obturator canal

A
  1. Obturator artery
  2. Obturator vein
  3. Obturator nerve
29
Q

Origin of deep peroneal nerve

A

From common peroneal nerve at the lateral aspect of the fibula deep to peroneus longus

30
Q

Deep peroneal nerve

A

L4/5 S1/2

31
Q

Course of deep peroneal nerve

A

Pierces the anterior intermuscular septum to enter the anterior compartment of the lower leg
Passes anteriorly down to the ankle joint, midway between the two malleoli

32
Q

Muscles innervated by deep peroneal nerve

A
  1. Tibialis anterior
  2. EHL
  3. EDL
  4. Peroneus tertius
  5. EDB

Web space of 1st and 2nd toes

33
Q

Actions of deep peroneal nerve

A
  1. Dorsiflexion of ankle joint
  2. Extension of all toes
  3. Eversion of the foot
34
Q

Piriformis

A

Passes through greater sciatic foramen
Lies along side the superior border of the superior gemellus
Inserts on to apex of greater trochanter
Nerve supply - anterior rami of s1 and s 2

35
Q

ACL

A

Prevents backward displacement of femur on tibia

Limits extension of lateral condyle of the femur

36
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament

A

Prevents femur from sliding over the tibial plateau

Hx of problems walking down stairs

37
Q

Superior gluteal nerve

A 
Ventral rami of L4 to S1
Leaves the pelvis through greater sciatic foramen 
1. Gluteus medius
2. Gluteus minimums 
3. TFL
38
Q

Femoral canal boundaries

A
  1. Anterosuperiorly - inguinal ligament
  2. Posteriorly - Pectineal ligament
  3. Medially - lacunae ligament
  4. Laterally - femoral vein

Anatomy (28 decks)

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