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Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

0
Q

Which bronchus is shorter?

A

Right (it is shorter, wider and more vertical than left)

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1
Q

Where does the lower border of the parietal pleura extend to?

A
  1. Crosses the 12 th rib
  2. Crosses the lateral border of the erector spinae
  3. Passes horizontally to the lower border of T12
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2
Q

What does the thoracic duct drain?

A
  1. Abdomen
  2. Pelvis
  3. Lower limbs
  4. Left side of thorax, head and neck
  5. Left upper limb
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3
Q

What is the origin of the thoracic duct?

A 
Cisterna chyli (L2 to root of neck)
Enters thorax through aortic hiatus 
38-45cm long
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4
Q

Where does the thoracic duct terminate ?

A

Junction of left subclavian and left internal jugular veins

Jugulosubclavian junction or venous angle

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5
Q

Where is the thoracic duct in the mediastinum?

A

Posterior mediastinum

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6
Q

What does the right thoracic duct drain?

A
  1. Right side of thorax, head and neck

2. Right upper limb

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7
Q

What are the organs in the superior mediastinum ?

A
  1. Thymus
  2. Trachea
  3. Oesophagus
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8
Q

Arteries in the superior mediastinum ?

A
  1. Aortic arch
  2. Brachiocephalic trunk
  3. Left common carotid artery
  4. Left subclavian artery
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9
Q

Veins and LN of superior mediastinum?

A
  1. SVC
  2. Brachiocephalic vein
  3. Thoracic duct
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10
Q

Nerves of superior mediastinum ?

A
  1. Vagus nerve
  2. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
  3. Cardiac nerves
  4. Phrenic nerves
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11
Q

What does the right coronary artery arise from?

A

Right coronary sinus

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12
Q

What does the right coronary artery supply?

A
  1. Right atrium

2. Right ventricle

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13
Q

What does the right coronary artery become?

A

Posterior descending coronary artery - supplies posterior portion of the interventricular septum and the posterior left ventricular wall

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14
Q

What does the left coronary artery divide in to?

A
  1. LAD

2. Circumflex arteries

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15
Q

Where is the left anterior descending (anterior interventricular branch) found?

A

Anterior interventricular groove

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16
Q

What does the LAD (anterior interventricular) supply?

A
  1. Anterior septum

2. Anterior left ventricular wall

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17
Q

What does the left circumflex artery supply ?

A
  1. Left atrium

2. Left ventricle

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18
Q

What is the sinus node supplied by?

A

Right coronary artery

19
Q

Phrenic nerve?

A

C3, C4, C5
Lies in front on the scalenus anterior
Subclavian vein anterior
Subclavian artery posterior

20
Q

What does the posterior interventricular artery arise from?

A

Right coronary artery

21
Q

What does the oblique fissure correspond to?

A

Medial border of scapula when arm is fully abducted

22
Q

What is the main blood supply to the left ventricle?

A

Anterior interventricular branch

23
Q

Which dermatome is the level of the nipple?

A

T4

24
Q

What dermatome is the level of the xyphoid?

A

T7

25
Q

What is the lowest extent of the pleural cavity?

A

Costodiaphragmatic recess

26
Q

What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

Part of the pleural sac where the costal pleura changes into the diaphragmatic pleura

27
Q

Where is the needle inserted for thoracocentisis?

A

Costodiaphragmatic recess

28
Q

Where is the costodiaphragmatic recess in the midclavicular line?

A

6-8th ribs

29
Q

Where is the costodiaphragmatic recess in the mid axillary line?

A

8th - 10th ribs

30
Q

Where is the costodiaphragmatic recess in the paravertebral line?

A

10 - 12th ribs

31
Q

Where is the costomediastinal pleura?

A

Found where the costal pleura becomes the mediastinal pleura

32
Q

What is the cupola?

A

Part of the pleural cavity that extends above the level of the 1st rib in to the root of the neck

33
Q

What is the hilar reflexion?

A

Point at the root of the lung where the mediastinal pleura is reflected and becomes continuous with the visceral pleura

34
Q

Where is the transverse pericardial sinus located?

A

Located behind Aorta and pulmonary trunk and anterior to the SVC

35
Q

What is the cardiac notch?

A
  1. Structure on left lung

2. Lies along the 5th and 6th intercostal space

36
Q

What is the oblique pericardial sinus?

A

The area of the pericardial cavity located behind the left atrium

37
Q

Where does the brachiocephaloc artery bifurcate?

A

Behind right SCJ

38
Q

Where does the ascending aorta become the Aortic arch?

A

Manubrosternal joint (sternal angle of Louis)

39
Q

Where does the trachea bifurcate?

A

Carnia

40
Q

At what level is the carina found?

A

Sternal angle of Louis

41
Q

Normal amount of pleural fluid

A

10ml

42
Q

Apex of lung

A

Extends about 4 cm above medial 3rd of clavicle

43
Q

Transverse fissure of right lung

A

Level of 4th rib

44
Q

Lower border of lung on each side

A

8th rib in mid axillary line and 10th rib posteriorly

45
Q

The phrenic nerve

A

C3/4/5
Along the anterior scalene muscle deep to carotid sheath
Right phrenic nerve - passes over the brachiocephalic artery, posterior to the subclavian vein, over right atrium and then crosses the root of the right lung anteriorly and then leaves the thorax by passing through the vena cava hiatus opening at T8

Left phrenic nerve - passes over the pericardium of the left ventricle and pierces the diaphragm separately

Anatomy (28 decks)

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