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Human Anatomy > Vessel Structure > Flashcards

Vessel Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 classes of blood vessels?

A
  • arteries
  • capillaries
  • veins
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2
Q

Arteries carry blood _______ the heart and become progressively __(size)___ as they_________.

A
  • away from
  • smaller
  • branch and finally result in capillaries
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3
Q

Veins carry blood _______ the heart and become progressively ___(size)____ as they_________.

A
  • towards
  • larger
  • merge and are closer to the heart
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4
Q

What are the layers in artery and vein walls called?

A
  • tunics
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5
Q

Name the layers of tunic from inner to outer.

A
  • tunica intima
  • tunica media
  • tunica externa
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6
Q

What is the endothelium?

A

simple squamous epithelium lining the blood vessel lumen

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7
Q

Describe the tunica intima.

A

composed of endothelium and a subendothelial layer of areola connective tissue

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8
Q

Describe the tunica media.

A
  • comprised of circularly arranged smooth muscle
  • sympathetic input causes this smooth muscle to contract resulting in vasoconstriction
  • parasympathetic input results in vasodilation
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9
Q

Describe the tunica externa.

A
  • connective tissue that help anchor the blood vessel to an organ
  • vasa vasorum run through the tunica externa
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10
Q

What is the vasa vasorum?

A

small arteries that supply the larger arteries

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11
Q

Do arteries or veins have thicker walls?

A

arteries

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12
Q

What is the thickest tunic in arteries?

A

tunica media

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13
Q

What is the thickest tunic in veins?

A

tunica externa

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14
Q

Do arteries or veins have valves?

A

veins

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15
Q

Do arteries or veins have higher blood pressure?

A

arteries

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16
Q

Describe blood oxygen levels in arteries.

A
  • systemic arteries transport blood high in O2

- pulmonary arteries transport blood low in O2

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17
Q

Describe blood oxygen levels in veins.

A
  • systemic veins transport blood low in O2

- pulmonary veins transport blood high in O2

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18
Q

What are the 3 types of arteries?

A
  • elastic arteries
  • muscular arteries
  • arterioles
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19
Q

Which type of arteries are the largest?

A

elastic arteries

20
Q

Name some elastic arteries near the heart.

A
  • aorta
  • pulmonary artery
  • brachiocephalic artery
  • common carotid arteries
  • subclavian arteries
21
Q

What do the elastic fibres in elastic arteries allow for?

A

in all 3 tunics. Allow for stretching under increased pressure generated by blood ejected from the heart

22
Q

Elastic arteries branch into ______ arteries.

A

muscular

23
Q

Name the elastic fibres in muscular arteries.

A
  • internal elastic lamina: separates tunica intima and tunica media
  • external elastic lamina: separates tunica media and tunica externa
24
Q

Which type of arteries are the smallest?

A

arterioles

25
Q

Describe vasoconstriction in the arterioles.

A

sympathetic innervation to the muscle fibre cells of the tunica media causes vasoconstriction resulting in elevation of blood pressure

26
Q

Describe vasodilation in the arterioles.

A

parasympathetic innervation to the muscle fibre cells of the tunica media causes vasodilation resulting in lowering of blood pressure

27
Q

What is the only type of blood vessel where metabolic exchange can occur between blood and tissues?

A

capillaries

28
Q

Describe capillaries

A
  • smallest blood vessels
  • diameter only slightly larger than an erythrocyte
  • wall consists solely of the tunica intima (single layer of endothelial cells)
29
Q

Each capillary bed is fed by a _______.

A

metarteriole

30
Q

What are true capillaries?

A

branches from the metarteriole that begin with a ring of smooth muscle on their walls

31
Q

What are the 3 types of capillaries?

A
  • continuous
  • fenestrated
  • sinusoids
32
Q

Describe continuous capillaries.

A
  • most common
  • endothelial cells
  • continuous, complete lining aided by the presence of tight junctions
33
Q

Describe fenestrated capillaries.

A
  • contain pores called fenestrations

- allows fluid exchange between blood and interstitial fluid

34
Q

Describe sinusoid capillaries.

A
  • have large gaps between endothelial cells
  • allows transport of large molecules and cells to and from the blood
  • basement membrane is discontinuous or absent
35
Q

The body’s veins hold about __% of the body’s blood.

A
  • 60%

- veins function as blood reservoirs

36
Q

What are the smallest veins?

A

venules

37
Q

What are the smallest venules?

A

postcapillary venules

38
Q

What occurs through the walls of postcapillary venules?

A

diapedesis: leukocyte travel to damage/infection

39
Q

Venules merge to form ____.

A

veins

40
Q

What are companion vessels with arterioles?

A

venules

41
Q

Smaller and medium sized _____ travel with muscular arteries, while large ____ travel with elastic arteries.

A

veins

42
Q

Why do valves exist in veins, and where are they formed from?

A
  • blood pressure in veins is low, have valves to prevent pooling
  • formed from the tunica intima
43
Q

What 2 pumps assist with venous return (along with valves)?

A
  • skeletal muscle pump

- respiratory pump

44
Q

Describe the skeletal muscle pump.

A
  • skeletal muscles contract
  • the first valve closes
  • the pressure build up causes the second valve to open
45
Q

Describe the respiratory pump.

A

INHALATION
- increases blood flow into thoracic veins through decreased intrathoracic pressure, diaphragm contracting, increased intra-abdominal pressure
EXHALATION
- increases blood flow into heart and abdominal veins though increased intrathoracic pressure, diaphragm relaxing, decreased intra-abdominal pressure

Human Anatomy (15 decks)

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