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Human Anatomy > Axial Muscles > Flashcards

Axial Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the epicranius composed of?

A
  • epicranial aponeurosis

- occipital frontalis muscle

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2
Q

What are the actions of the frontal belly of occipitofrontalis?

A
  • moves scalp and eyebrows

- wrinkles skin of forehead

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3
Q

Where is the origin of the frontal belly of occipitofrontalis?

A

frontal bone

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4
Q

Where is the insertion of the frontal belly of occipitofrontalis?

A

epicranial aponeurosis

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5
Q

What are the actions of the occipital belly of occipitalfrontalis?

A

retracts scalp

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6
Q

Where is the origin of the occipital belly of occipitalfrontalis?

A

superior nuchal line

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7
Q

Where is the insertion of the occipital belly of occipitalfrontalis?

A

epicranial aponeurosis

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8
Q

What are the actions of the depressor anguli oris?

A

draws corners of mouth inferiorly and laterally (“frown” muscle)

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9
Q

Where is the origin of the depressor anguli oris?

A

body of mandible

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10
Q

Where is the insertion of the depressor anguli oris?

A

skin at inferior corner (angle) of mouth

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11
Q

What are the actions of the orbicularis oris?

A

compresses and purses lips (“kiss” muscle)

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12
Q

Where is the origin of the orbicularis oris?

A
  • maxilla and mandible

- blend with fibres from other facial muscles

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13
Q

Where is the insertion of the orbicularis oris?

A
  • encircling mouth

- skin and muscles at angles to mouth

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14
Q

What are the actions of the zygomaticus major?

A

elevates corner of the mouth (“smile” muscle)

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15
Q

Where is the origin of the zygomaticus major?

A

zygomatic bone

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16
Q

Where is the insertion of the zygomaticus major?

A

skin at superolateral edge of mouth

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17
Q

What are the actions of the orbicularis oculi?

A
  • closes eye

- produces winking, blinking, squinting (“blink” muscle)

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18
Q

Where is the origin of the orbicularis oculi?

A

medial wall or margin of orbit

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19
Q

Where is the insertion of the orbicularis oculi?

A

skin surrounding eyelids

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20
Q

What are the actions of the platysma?

A
  • pulls lower lip inferiorly

- tenses skin of neck

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21
Q

Where is the origin of the platysma?

A

fascia of deltoid and pectoralis major muscles and acromion of scapula

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22
Q

Where is the insertion of the platysma?

A

skin of cheek and mandible

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23
Q

What are the actions of the temporalis?

A

elevates and retracts mandible

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24
Q

Where is the origin of the temporalis?

A

superior and inferior temporal lines

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25
Q

Where is the insertion of the temporalis?

A

coronoid process of mandible

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26
Q

What are the actions of the masseter?

A
  • elevates and protracts mandible

- prime mover of jaw closure

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27
Q

Where is the origin of the masseter?

A

zygomatic arch

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28
Q

Where is the insertion of the masseter?

A

coronoid process, lateral surface and angle of mandible

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29
Q

What are the actions of the medial pterygoid?

A
  • elevates and protracts mandible

- produces side-to-side movement of mandible

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30
Q

Where is the origin of the medial pterygoid?

A

maxilla, palatine, and medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate

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31
Q

Where is the insertion of the medial pterygoid?

A

medial surface of mandibular ramus

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32
Q

What are the actions of the lateral pterygoid?

A
  • protracts mandible

- produces side-to-side movement of mandible

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33
Q

Where is the origin of the lateral pterygoid?

A

greater wing of sphenoid and lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate

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34
Q

Where is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid?

A

condylar process of mandible

35
Q

What are the actions of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

unilateral action: lateral flexion, rotation of head to opposite side
bilateral action: flexes neck

36
Q

Where is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

manubrium and sternal end of clavicle

37
Q

Where is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

mastoid process

38
Q

What are the actions of the scalene muscles?

A
  • flex neck (when 1st rib is fixed)

- elevate 1st and 2nd ribs during forced inhalation when neck is fixed

39
Q

Where is the origin of the scalene muscles?

A

transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

40
Q

Where is the insertion of the scalene muscles?

A

superior surface of 1st and 2nd ribs

41
Q

What are the actions of the iliocostalis group?

A
  • extends neck and vertebral column

- maintains posture

42
Q

Where is the origin of the iliocostalis group?

A

tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior sacrum, and lumbar spinous processes

43
Q

Where is the insertion of the iliocostalis group?

A
  • angles of ribs

- transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

44
Q

What are the actions of the longissimus group?

A
  • extends neck and vertebral column and rotates head

- maintains posture

45
Q

Where is the origin of the longissimus group?

A

tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior sacrum, and lumbar spinous processes

46
Q

Where is the insertion of the longissimus group?

A

mastoid process of temporal bone and transverse processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae

47
Q

What are the actions of the spinalis group?

A
  • extends neck and vertebral column

- maintains posture

48
Q

Where is the origin of the spinalis group?

A

lumbar spinous processes (thoracic part) and C7 spinous process (cervical part)

49
Q

Where is the insertion of the spinalis group?

A

spinous process of axis and thoracic vertebrae

50
Q

What are the actions of the multifidus?

A
  • extends vertebral column

- rotates vertebral column towards opposite sides

51
Q

Where is the origin of the multifidus?

A

sacrum and transverse processes of each vertebra

52
Q

Where is the insertion of the multifidus?

A

spinous processes of vertebrae located 2-4 segments superior to origin

53
Q

What are the actions of the quadratus lumborum?

A

bilateral action: extends vertebral column

unilateral action: laterally flexes vertebral column

54
Q

Where is the origin of the quadratus lumborum?

A

iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament

55
Q

Where is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum?

A
  • last rib

- transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

56
Q

What are the actions of the external intercostals?

A

elevates ribs during inhalation

57
Q

Where is the origin of the external intercostals?

A

inferior border of superior rib

58
Q

Where is the insertion of the external intercostals?

A

superior border of inferior rib

59
Q

What are the actions of the internal intercostals?

A
  • depresses ribs during forced exhalation

- antagonistic to external intercostals

60
Q

Where is the origin and insertion of the internal intercostals?

A
  • Origin: superior border of inferior rib

- Insertion: inferior border of superior rib

61
Q

What are the actions of the diaphragm?

A
  • contraction causes flattening of diaphragm (moves inferiorly), and thus expansion of thoracic cavity
  • increases pressure in abdominopelvic cavity
62
Q

Where is the origin of the diaphragm?

A
  • inferior internal surface of ribs 7-12
  • xiphoid process of sternum
  • costal cartilages of inferior 6 ribs
  • lumbar vertebrae
63
Q

Where is the insertion of the diaphragm?

A

central tendon

64
Q

What are the actions of the external oblique?

A

unilateral action: lateral flexion of vertebral column, rotation of vertebral column
bilateral action: flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal wall, used in forced exhalation

65
Q

Where is the origin of the external oblique?

A

external and inferior borders of the inferior 8 ribs

66
Q

Where is the insertion of the external oblique?

A
  • linea alba by a broad aponeurosis

- some to iliac crest

67
Q

What are the actions of the internal oblique?

A

unilateral action: lateral flexion of vertebral column; rotation of vertebral column
bilateral action: flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal wall

68
Q

Where is the origin of the internal oblique?

A

lumbar fascia, inguinal ligament, and iliac crest

69
Q

Where is the insertion of the internal oblique?

A

linea alba, pubic crest, inferior rib surfaces (last 4 ribs); costal cartilages of ribs 8-10

70
Q

What are the actions of the transversus abdominis?

A

unilateral action: lateral flexion of vertebral column

bilateral action: flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall, used in forced exhalation

71
Q

Where is the origin of the transversus abdominis?

A
  • iliac crest
  • cartilages of inferior 6 ribs
  • lumbar fascia
  • inguinal ligament
72
Q

Where is the insertion of the transversus abdominis?

A

linea alba and pubic crest

73
Q

What are the actions of the rectus abdominis?

A
  • flexes vertebral column
  • compresses abdominal wall
  • used in forced exhalation
74
Q

Where is the origin of the rectus abdominis?

A

superior surface of pubis near symphysis

75
Q

Where is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?

A
  • xiphoid process of sternum

- inferior surfaces of ribs 5-7

76
Q

What is unilateral action?

A

only one muscle (either the left or the right muscle) is contracting

77
Q

What is bilateral action?

A

both the left and right muscles are contracting together

78
Q

Which muscles extend the head, neck, and/or vertebral column?

A
  • splenius muscles
  • erector spine (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
  • quadratus lumborum
  • transversospinalis group
  • minor deep back muscles
  • rectus capitis posterior major and minor
79
Q

Which muscles flex the head, neck, and/or vertebral column?

A
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • scalenes
  • external oblique
  • internal oblique
  • transversus abdominis
  • rectus abdominis
80
Q

Which muscles laterally flex the vertebral column?

A
  • quadratus lumborum
  • external oblique
  • internal oblique
  • transversus abdominis
81
Q

Which muscles rotate the head and/or neck to one side?

A
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • splenius muscles
  • longissimus capitis
  • obliquuis capitis inferior
  • obliquais capitis superior
82
Q

Which muscles elevate the ribs?

A
  • serratus posterior superior
  • external intercostals
  • scalene muscles (ribs 1 and 2 only)
83
Q

Which muscles depress the ribs?

A
  • serratus posterior inferior
  • internal intercostals
  • transversus thoracis

Human Anatomy (15 decks)

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