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Human Anatomy > Spinal Cord/Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal Cord/Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 functions of the spinal nerves that are attached to the spinal cord?

A
  • a pathway for sensory and motor impulses

- responsible for reflexes, which are our quickest reactions to a stimulus

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2
Q

Describe the shape of the spinal cord.

A

roughly cylindrical, slightly flattened posteriorly and anteriorly

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3
Q

What are the names of the 2 longitudinal depressions on the external surface of the spinal cord?

A
  • posterior median sulcus

- anterior median fissure

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4
Q

What are the 5 parts of the spinal cord?

A
  • cervical
  • thoracic
  • lumbar
  • sacral
  • coccygeal
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5
Q

The spinal cord is (longer/shorter) than the vertebral canal that houses it.

A

shorter

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6
Q

The tapering inferior end of the spinal cord is called the _____ ______.

A

conus medullaris

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7
Q

Describe the conus medullaris.

A
  • official “end” of the spinal cord proper

- usually at the level of the first lumbar vertebra

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8
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

groups of axons inferior to the conus medullaris that project from the spinal cord

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9
Q

What is the filum terminale?

A

thin strand of pia matter within the cauda equina that helps anchor the conus medullaris to the coccyx

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10
Q

The spinal cord is associated with how many pairs of spinal nerves? How are these divided?

A
  • 31 pairs
  • 8 cervical nerves (C1-C8)
  • 12 thoracic nerves (T1-T12)
  • 5 lumbar nerves (L1-L5)
  • 5 sacral nerves (S1-S5)
  • 1 coccygeal nerve (Co1)
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11
Q

What are spinal cord meninges?

A
  • protects and encapsulates the spinal cord

- continuous with the cranial meninges

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12
Q

Where is the epidural space located and what is its functions?

A
  • lies between dura mater and periosteum covering the inner walls of the vertebra
  • houses areolar connective tissue, blood vessels, and adipose connective tissue
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13
Q

Where is the dura mater located and what is its functions?

A
  • most external of the meninges

- fuses with the connective layers that surround the spinal nerves

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14
Q

What two things does the subdural space separate?

A

separates the dura mater from the arachnoid mater

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15
Q

Where is the arachnoid mater located?

A

deep to the dura mater and the subdural space

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16
Q

________ space is filled with CSF.

A

subarachnoid

17
Q

Where is the pia mater located and what is its functions?

A
  • innermost meninx that adheres directly to the spinal cord
  • delicate layer composed of elastic and collagen fibres and supports some of the blood vessels supplying the spinal cord
18
Q

The spinal cord is partitioned into an inner ____ matter region and an outer ____ matter region.

A
  • gray

- white

19
Q

What does gray matter consist of?

A
  • dendrites and cell bodies of neurons
  • unmyelinated axons
  • glial cells
20
Q

What does white matter consist of?

A

myelinated axons

21
Q

Briefly describe the distribution of gray matter.

A
  • centrally located in spinal cord

- sectioned shape resembles a butterfly

22
Q

Name and describe the 4 subdivisions of gray matter.

A
  • anterior horns: cell bodies, motor neurone
  • lateral horns: cell bodies, autonomic motor neurons (T1-L2)
  • posterior horns: axons of sensory neurons, cell bodies of interneurons
  • gray commissure: unmyelinated axons, connection between left and right side
23
Q

Within the gray matter are functional groups of neuron cell bodies called _____.

A

nuclei

24
Q

What are the 3 types of nuclei within gray matter?

A
  • sensory nuclei: posterior horns
  • motor nuclei: anterior horns
  • autonomic motor nuclei: lateral horns
25
Q

What kind of axons are spinal nerves made up of?

A
  • motor

- sensory

26
Q

Name the connective tissue wrappings of spinal nerves.

A
  • endoneurium
  • perineurium
  • epineurium
27
Q

Each anterior root and its corresponding posterior root unite within the ________ ________ to become a spinal nerve.

A

intervertebral foramen

28
Q

How are spinal nerves numbered?

A

according to the location of the intervertebral canal

29
Q

Where do the spinal nerves exit?

A
  • In the cervical region, the first 7 pairs of spinal nerves (C1-C7) exit the intervertebral foramen above the vertebra of the same number
  • eighth pair of cervical spinal nerves (C8) exit above the first thoracic vertebra
  • the remaining pairs of spinal nerves exit below the vertebra of the same number

Human Anatomy (15 decks)

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