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Human Anatomy > Lower Appendicular Muscles > Flashcards

Lower Appendicular Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the actions of the psoas major?

A

flexes thigh

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2
Q

Where is the origin of the psoas major?

A

transverse processes and bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae

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3
Q

Where is the insertion of the psoas major?

A

lesser trochanter of femur with iliacus

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4
Q

What are the actions of the iliacus?

A

flexes thigh

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5
Q

Where is the origin of the iliacus?

A

iliac fossa

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6
Q

Where is the insertion of the iliacus?

A

lesser trochanter of femur with psoas major

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7
Q

What are the actions of the sartorius?

A
  • flexes thigh and rotates thigh laterally

- flexes leg and rotates leg medially

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8
Q

Where is the origin of the sartorius?

A

anterior superior iliac spine

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9
Q

Where is the insertion of the sartorius?

A

tibial tuberosity, medial side

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10
Q

What are the actions of the rectus femoris?

A
  • flexes thigh

- extends leg

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11
Q

Where is the origin of the rectus femoris?

A

anterior inferior iliac spine

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12
Q

Where is the insertion of the rectus femoris?

A

quadriceps tendon to patella then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

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13
Q

What are the actions of the adductor longus?

A
  • adducts thigh

- flexes thigh

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14
Q

Where is the origin of the adductor longus?

A

pubis near pubic symphysis

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15
Q

Where is the insertion of the adductor longus?

A

linea aspera of femur

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16
Q

What are the actions of the adductor brevis?

A
  • adducts thigh

- flexes thigh

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17
Q

Where is the origin of the adductor brevis?

A

inferior ramus and body of pubis

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18
Q

Where is the insertion of the adductor brevis?

A

upper third of linea aspera of femur

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19
Q

What are the actions of the gracilis?

A
  • adducts and flexes thigh

- flexes leg

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20
Q

Where is the origin of the gracilis?

A

inferior ramus and body of pubis

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21
Q

Where is the insertion of the gracilis?

A

upper medial surface of tibia

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22
Q

What are the actions of the pectineus?

A
  • adducts thigh

- flexes thigh

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23
Q

Where is the origin of the pectineus?

A

pectineal line of pubis

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24
Q

Where is the insertion of the pectineus?

A

pectineal line of femur

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25
Q

What are the actions of the adductor magnus?

A
  • adducts thigh
  • adductor part of muscle flexes thigh
  • hamstring part of muscle extends and laterally rotates thigh
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26
Q

Where is the origin of the adductor magnus?

A

inferior ramus of pubis and ischial tuberosity

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27
Q

Where is the insertion of the adductor magnus?

A

hamstring part: linea aspera of femur

adductor part: adductor tubercle of femur

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28
Q

What are the actions of the obturator externus?

A

laterally rotates thigh

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29
Q

Where is the origin of the obturator externus?

A

margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane

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30
Q

Where is the insertion of the obturator externus?

A

trochanteric fossa of posterior femur

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31
Q

What are the actions of the tensor fasciae latae?

A
  • abducts thigh

- medially rotates thigh

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32
Q

Where is the origin of the tensor fasciae latae?

A
  • iliac crest

- lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine

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33
Q

Where is the insertion of the tensor fasciae latae?

A

iliotibial band

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34
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus maximus?

A
  • extends thigh

- laterally rotates thigh

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35
Q

Where is the origin of the gluteus maximus?

A
  • iliac crest
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
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36
Q

Where is the insertion of the gluteus maximus?

A
  • iliotibial tract of fascia lata

- linea aspera and gluteal tuberosity of femur

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37
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus medius?

A
  • abducts thigh

- medially rotates thigh

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38
Q

Where is the origin of the gluteus medius?

A
  • posterior iliac crest

- lateral surface between posterior and anterior gluteal lines

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39
Q

Where is the insertion of the gluteus medius?

A

greater trochanter of femur

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40
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus minimus?

A
  • abducts thigh

- medially rotates thigh

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41
Q

Where is the origin of the gluteus minimus?

A

lateral surface of ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines

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42
Q

Where is the insertion of the gluteus minimus?

A

greater trochanter of femur

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43
Q

What are the actions of the piriformis?

A

laterally rotates thigh

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44
Q

Where is the origin of the piriformis?

A

anterolateral surface of sacrum

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45
Q

Where is the insertion of the piriformis?

A

greater trochanter

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46
Q

What are the actions of the superior gemellus?

A

laterally rotates thigh

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47
Q

Where is the origin of the superior gemellus?

A

ischial spine and tuberosity

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48
Q

Where is the insertion of the superior gemellus?

A

obturator internus tendon

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49
Q

What are the actions of the obturator internus?

A

laterally rotates thigh

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50
Q

Where is the origin of the obturator internus?

A
  • posterior surface of obturator membrane

- margins of obturator foramen

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51
Q

Where is the insertion of the obturator internus?

A

greater trochanter

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52
Q

What are the actions of the inferior gemellus?

A

laterally rotates thigh

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53
Q

Where is the origin of the inferior gemellus?

A

ischial tuberosity

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54
Q

Where is the insertion of the inferior gemellus?

A

obturator internus tendon

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55
Q

What are the actions of the quadrates femoris?

A

laterally rotates thigh

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56
Q

Where is the origin of the quadrates femoris?

A

lateral border of ischial tuberosity

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57
Q

Where is the insertion of the quadrates femoris?

A

intertrochanteric crest of femur

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58
Q

What are the actions of the biceps femoris?

A
  • extends thigh (long head only)
  • flexes leg (both long head and short head)
  • laterally rotates leg
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59
Q

Where is the origin of the biceps femoris?

A

long head: ischial tuberosity

short head: linea aspera of femur

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60
Q

Where is the insertion of the biceps femoris?

A

head of fibula

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61
Q

What are the actions of the semimembranosus?

A
  • extends thigh
  • flexes leg
  • medially rotates leg
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62
Q

Where is the origin of the semimembranosus?

A

ischial tuberosity

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63
Q

Where is the insertion of the semimembranosus?

A

posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

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64
Q

What are the actions of the semitendinosus?

A
  • extends thigh
  • flexes leg
  • medially rotates leg
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65
Q

Where is the origin of the semitendinosus?

A

ischial tuberosity

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66
Q

Where is the insertion of the semitendinosus?

A

proximal medial surface of tibia

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67
Q

Which muscles abduct the hip joint/thigh?

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus minimus
  • tensor fasciae latae
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68
Q

Which muscles adduct the hip joint/thigh?

A
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor longus
  • adductor magnus
  • gracilis
  • pectineus
69
Q

Which muscles extend the hip joint/thigh?

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • adductor magnus (hamstring part)
  • biceps femoris (long head)
  • semimembranosus
  • semitendinosus
70
Q

Which muscles flex the hip joint/thigh?

A
  • iliopsoas
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor longus
  • adductor magnus (adductor part)
  • pectineus
  • sartorius
  • rectus femoris
  • gracilis
71
Q

Which muscles laterally rotate the hip joint/thigh?

A
  • adductor magnus (hamstring part)
  • gluteus maximus
  • sartorius
  • obturator externus
  • obturator internus
  • piriformis
  • superior gemellus
  • inferior gemellus
  • quadrates femoris
72
Q

Which muscles medially rotate the hip joint/thigh?

A
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
  • tensor fasciae latae
73
Q

What are the actions of the vastus intermedius?

A

extends leg

74
Q

Where is the origin of the vastus intermedius?

A

anterolateral surface of femur

75
Q

Where is the insertion of the vastus intermedius?

A

quadriceps tendon to patella and then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

76
Q

What are the actions of the vastus lateralis?

A

extends leg

77
Q

Where is the origin of the vastus lateralis?

A

greater trochanter and linea aspera

78
Q

Where is the insertion of the vastus lateralis?

A

quadriceps tendon to patella and then patella ligament to tibial tuberosity

79
Q

What are the actions of the vastus medialis?

A

extends leg

80
Q

Where is the origin of the vastus medialis?

A

intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur

81
Q

Where is the insertion of the vastus medialis?

A

quadriceps tendon to patella and then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

82
Q

What 3 muscles make up the hamstrings?

A
  • biceps femoris
  • semimembranosus
  • semitendinosus
83
Q

What are the actions of the extensor digitorum longus?

A
  • extends toes 2-5

- dorsiflexes foot

84
Q

Where is the origin of the extensor digitorum longus?

A
  • lateral condyle of tibia
  • anterior surface of fibula
  • interosseous membrane
85
Q

Where is the insertion of the extensor digitorum longus?

A

distal phalanges of toes 2-5

86
Q

What are the actions of the extensor hallucis longus?

A
  • extends great toe (1)

- dorsiflexes foot

87
Q

Where is the origin of the extensor hallucis longus?

A
  • anterior surface of fibula

- interosseous membrane

88
Q

Where is the insertion of the extensor hallucis longus?

A

distal phalanx of great toe (1)

89
Q

What are the actions of the fibularis tertius?

A

dorsiflexes and weakly everts foot

90
Q

Where is the origin of the fibularis tertius?

A
  • anterior distal surface of fibula

- interosseous membrane

91
Q

Where is the insertion of the fibularis tertius?

A

base of metatarsal V

92
Q

What are the actions of the tibialis anterior?

A
  • dorsiflexes foot

- inverts foot

93
Q

Where is the origin of the tibialis anterior?

A
  • lateral condyle and proximal shaft of tibia

- interosseous membrane

94
Q

Where is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?

A

metatarsal I and first (medial) cuneiform

95
Q

What are the actions of the fibularis longus?

A
  • everts foot

- weak plantar flexor

96
Q

Where is the origin of the fibularis longus?

A
  • head and superior two-thirds of shaft of fibula

- lateral condyle of tibia

97
Q

Where is the insertion of the fibularis longus?

A
  • base of metatarsal I

- meidal cuneiform bone

98
Q

What are the actions of the fibularis brevis?

A
  • everts foot

- weak plantor flexor

99
Q

Where is the origin of the fibularis brevis?

A

midlateral shaft of fibula

100
Q

Where is the insertion of the fibularis brevis?

A

base of metatarsal V

101
Q

Which 2 muscles make up the triceps surae?

A
  • gastrocnemius

- soleus

102
Q

What are the actions of the gastrocnemius?

A
  • flexes leg

- plantar flexes foot

103
Q

Where is the origin of the gastrocnemius?

A

superior posterior surfaces of lateral and medial condyles of femur

104
Q

Where is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?

A

calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)

105
Q

What are the actions of the soleus?

A

plantar flexes foot

106
Q

Where is the origin of the soleus?

A
  • head and proximal shaft of fibula

- medial border of tibia

107
Q

Where is the insertion of the soleus?

A

calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)

108
Q

What are the actions of the plantaris?

A

weak leg flexor and plantar flexor

109
Q

Where is the origin of the plantaris?

A

lateral supracondylar ridge of femur

110
Q

Where is the insertion of the plantaris?

A

posterior region of calcaneus

111
Q

What are the actions of the flexor digitorum longus?

A
  • plantar flexes foot

- flexes MP, PIP, and DIP joints of toes 2-5

112
Q

Where is the origin of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

posteromedial surface of tibia

113
Q

Where is the insertion of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

distal phalanges of toes 2-5

114
Q

What are the actions of the flexor hallucis longus?

A
  • plantar flexes foot

- flexes MP and IP joints of great toe (1)

115
Q

Where is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

posterior inferior two-thirds of fibula

116
Q

Where is the insertion of the flexor hallucis longus?

A

distal phalanx of great toe (1)

117
Q

What are the actions of the tibialis posterior?

A
  • plantar flexes foot

- inverts foot

118
Q

Where is the origin of the tibialis posterior?

A
  • fibula, tibia, and interosseous membrane
119
Q

Where is the insertion of the tibialis posterior?

A
  • metatarsals II-IV
  • navicular bone
  • cuboid bone
  • all cuneiforms
120
Q

What are the actions of the popliteus?

A
  • flexes leg

- medially rotates tibia to unlock the knee

121
Q

Where is the origin of the popliteus?

A

lateral condyle of femur

122
Q

Where is the insertion of the popliteus?

A

posterior, proximal surface of tibia

123
Q

Which muscles extend the knee joint/leg?

A

quadriceps femoris:

  • rectus femoris
  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus intermedius
  • vastus medialis
124
Q

Which muscles flex the knee joint/leg?

A
  • sartorius
  • gracilis
  • adductor longus
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor magnus
  • biceps femoris
  • semimembranosus
  • semitendinosus
  • gastrocnemius
  • popliteus
  • (plantaris)
125
Q

What are the actions of the extensor hallucis brevis?

A

extends MP joint of great toe (1)

126
Q

Where is the origin of the extensor hallucis brevis?

A

calcaneus and inferior extensor retinaculum

127
Q

Where is the insertion of the extensor hallucis brevis?

A

proximal phalanx of great toe (1)

128
Q

What are the actions of the extensor digitorum brevis?

A

extends MP, PIP, and DIP joints of toes 2-4

129
Q

Where is the origin of extensor digitorum brevis?

A

calcaneus and inferior extensor retinaculum

130
Q

Where is the insertion of the extensor digitorum brevis?

A

middle phalanges of toes 2-4

131
Q

What are the actions of the flexor digitorum brevis?

A

flexes MP and PIP joints of toes 2-5

132
Q

Where is the origin of the flexor digitorum brevis?

A

calcaneus

133
Q

Where is the insertion of the flexor digitorum brevis?

A

middle phalanges of toes 2-5

134
Q

What are the actions of the abductor hallucis?

A

abducts great toe (1)

135
Q

Where is the origin of the abductor hallucis?

A

calcaneus

136
Q

Where is the insertion of the abductor hallucis?

A

medial side of proximal phalanx of great toe (1)

137
Q

What are the actions of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

abducts toe 5

138
Q

Where is the origin of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

calcaneus (inferior surface tuberosity)

139
Q

Where is the insertion of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

lateral side of proximal phalanx of toe 5

140
Q

What are the actions of the quadratus plantae?

A

pulls on flexor digitorum longus tendons to flex toes 2-5

141
Q

Where is the origin of the quadratus plantae?

A
  • calcaneus

- long plantar ligament

142
Q

Where is the insertion of the quadratus plantae?

A

tendons of flexor digitorum longus

143
Q

What are the actions of the lumbricals?

A

flexes MP joints and extends PIP and DIP joints of toes 2-5

144
Q

Where is the origin of the lumbricals?

A

tendons of flexor digitorum longus

145
Q

Where is the insertion of the lumbricals?

A

tendons of extensor digitorum longus

146
Q

What are the actions of the adductor hallucis?

A

adducts great toe (1)

147
Q

Where is the origin of the adductor hallucis?

A

transverse head: capsules of MP joints III-V

oblique head: bases of metatarsals II-IV

148
Q

Where is the insertion of the adductor hallucis?

A

lateral side of proximal phalanx of great toe (1)

149
Q

What are the actions of the flexor hallucis brevis?

A

flexes MP joint of great toe (1)

150
Q

Where is the origin of the flexor hallucis brevis?

A

cuboid and lateral (3rd) cuneiform bones

151
Q

Where is the insertion of the flexor hallucis brevis?

A

proximal phalanx of great toe (1)

152
Q

What are the actions of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

flexes MP joint of toe 5

153
Q

Where is the origin of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

metatarsal V

154
Q

Where is the insertion of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

proximal phalanx of toe 5

155
Q

What are the actions of the dorsal interossei?

A

abducts toes

156
Q

Where is the origin of the dorsal interossei?

A

adjacent sides of metatarsals

157
Q

Where is the insertion of the dorsal interossei?

A

sides of proximal phalanges of toes 2-4

158
Q

What are the actions of plantar interossei?

A

adducts toes

159
Q

Where is the origin of the plantar interossei?

A

sides of metatarsals III-V

160
Q

Where is the insertion of the plantar interossei?

A

medial side of proximal phalanges of toes 3-5

161
Q

Which muscles dorsiflex the foot?

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • fibularis tertius
162
Q

Which muscles plantar flex the foot?

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • tibialis posterior
  • fibularis longus
  • fibularis brevis
  • plantaris
163
Q

Which muscles evert the foot?

A
  • fibularis longus
  • fibularis brevis
  • fibularis tertius
164
Q

Which muscles invert the foot?

A
  • tibialis posterior

- tibialis anterior

165
Q

Which muscles extend the toes?

A
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • extensor digitorum brevis
  • extensor hallucis brevis
166
Q

Which muscles flex the toes?

A
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • flexor digitorum brevis
  • flexor hallucis brevis
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
167
Q

Which muscles abduct the toes?

A
  • abductor hallucis
  • abductor digiti minimi
  • dorsal interossei
168
Q

Which muscles adduct the toes?

A
  • adductor hallucis

- plantar interossei

Human Anatomy (15 decks)

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