Upper Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
What two bones is the pectoral girdle made up of?
- clavicle
- scapulae
Describe the clavicle, including its articulation points
- s-shaped bone
- articulates medially with the manubrium of the sternum and laterally with the acromion
Describe the scapula, including its articulation points
- broad, flat, triangle (3 borders, and 3 angles)
- bony ridge on posterior is the spine
- acromion process is on the lateral side
- the anterior projection is called the coracoid process
- the glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the humerus
What are the greater and lesser tubercles on the humerus for?
muscle attachment
What is the intertubercular sulcus on the humerus for?
passage of biceps brachii tendon and muscle attachment
Name 6 proximal parts of the humerus.
- head
- anatomical neck
- surgical neck
- greater tubercle
- lesser tubercle
- intertubercular sulcus
Name 6 distal parts of the humerus.
- shaft
- deltoid tuberosity
- medial epicondyle
- lateral epicondyle
- capitulum
- trochlea
What is the deltoid tuberosity on the humerus for?
attachment of deltoid muscle
What are the medial and lateral epicondyles on the humerus for?
muscle attachments
What is the capitulum on the humerus for?
round lateral projection for articulation with the radius
What is the trochlea on the humerus for?
pulley-shaped medial projection for articulation with the ulna
Where is the radial fossa on the humerus and what does it articulate with?
- anterior, distal end of the humerus
- lateral depression
- accommodates the head of the radius
Where is the coronoid fossa on the humerus and what does it articulate with?
- anterior, distal end of the humerus
- medial depression
- accommodates the coronoid process of the ulna
Where is the olecranon fossa on the humerus and what does it articulate with?
- posterior, distal end of the humerus
- largest of the fossae
- accommodates the olecranon process of the ulna
Describe the bones of the forearm.
- radius and ulna are parallel
- in anatomical position, radius is lateral to the ulna
Name and briefly describe 3 proximal parts of the radius.
- head: articulates with the capitulum of the humerus
- neck: most narrow region
- radial tuberosity: for biceps brachii muscle
Name and briefly describe 2 distal parts of the radius.
- styloid process: lateral “wrist bump”
- ulnar notch: medial dent for the head of the ulna
Name 4 proximal parts of the ulna.
- trochlear notch
- olecranon
- coronoid process
- radial notch
What is the trochlear notch of the ulna for?
accommodates trochlea of humerus
What is the olecranon of the ulna for?
- projection that forms the posterior “bump” of the elbow
- attachment site for triceps brachii
Where is the coronoid process of the ulna found?
inferior lip of trochlear notch
What is the radial notch of the ulna for?
- lateral
- accommodates the head of the radius
Name and briefly describe 2 distal parts of the ulna.
- head: knob-like end
- styloid process: posteromedial “wrist bump”
How many carpal “wrist” bones do we have in one hand, and how are they organized?
- 8 bones
- 2 rows (1 proximal, 1 distal) of 4
Name the carpal bones (from the proximal row: lateral to medial, then the distal row: lateral to medial)
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrum
- Pisiform
- Trapezium
- Trapezoid
- Capitate
- Hamate
How many metacarpal bones do we have in one hand, and how are they named?
- 5
- named by Roman numerals I-V (I is the base of the thumb, V is the base of the pinky)
How many phalanges are in one hand, and how many per finger?
- 14 in one hand
- 3 per finger (proximal, middle, and distal), except for the pollex/thumb (proximal and distal)
