Vertebrates Flashcards
blocks of mesoderm that become muscles
somites
a hole in the lancelet where water exits
artiopore
organ rotation in a metamorphosing tunicate
90 degrees
chamber in tunicate
atrium
number of hox genes in tunicates and lancelets
1
a collection of cells that appears along the edges of the closing neural tube of an embryo
neural crest cells
superclass that includes hagfish and lancelets
cyclostomes
clade that includes jawed animals
gnathostomes
class that includes hagfish
myxini
class that includes lampreys
Petromyzontida
composition of tooth-like formations in hagfish
Keratin
number of hox gene sets in gnathostomes
4
organs that form a row along each side of the body and are sensitive to vibrations in the surrounding water
lateral line system
corkscrew-shaped ridge that increases surface area and prolongs the passage of food through the relatively short digestive tract in sharks
spiral valve
mother lays eggs that hatch outside the mother’s body
Oviparous
mother retain the fertilized eggs in the oviduct
Ovoviviparous
young develop within the uterus
Viviparous
skeleton composition of fish
calcium phosphate
number of pairs of fish gills
four or five
class of ray finned fish
actinopterygii
clade of lobe finned fish
sarcopterygii
origin of sarcopterygii
silurian
origin of actinopterygii
silurian
order of coelocanths
actinistia
order of lungfish
dipnoi
torpor under high temps
estivation
clade of modern amphibians
lissamphibia
order of salamanders and newts
urodela
order of frogs
anura
order of caecilians
apoda
white of egg composition
albumin
4 extraembryonic membranes
amnion, allantois, chorion, yolk sac
composition of reptile scales
beta keratin
clade that includes the 28 orders of living birds
neornithes
ratites
palaeognathae
4 types of teeth in animals
incisors, canines, molars, premolars
maternal pouch in marsupials
marsupium
traveling by swinging from branch to branch in trees
brachiating
new and old world monkeys and apes
anthropoids
genus of gibbons
Hylobates
genus of orangutans
Pongo
genus of chimpanzees
Pan
genus of gorillas
Gorilla
chordate that had the first head
Myllokunmingia
spiny sharks
Acanthodians
origin of amniotes
350 million years ago
ancient turtle with hard, shelllike bones along its belly
pappochelys
when new world monkeys first colonized south america
25 million years ago
age of homo sapiens
200,000 years old
study of human origins
paleoanthropology
species more closely related to us than chimpanzees
hominins
oldest hominin
Sahelanthropus tchadensis
hole at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes
foramen magnum
lucy was a member of this species
Australopithecus afarensis
“Weak” australopiths
Australopithecus afarensis and africanus
“robust” australopiths
Paranthropus boisei
Homo ergaster
first hominin to migrate out of africa
where neanderthals were found
Neander Valley in Germany