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Bio > Vertebrates > Flashcards

Vertebrates Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

blocks of mesoderm that become muscles

A

somites

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2
Q

a hole in the lancelet where water exits

A

artiopore

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3
Q

organ rotation in a metamorphosing tunicate

A

90 degrees

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4
Q

chamber in tunicate

A

atrium

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5
Q

number of hox genes in tunicates and lancelets

A

1

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6
Q

a collection of cells that appears along the edges of the closing neural tube of an embryo

A

neural crest cells

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7
Q

superclass that includes hagfish and lancelets

A

cyclostomes

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8
Q

clade that includes jawed animals

A

gnathostomes

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9
Q

class that includes hagfish

A

myxini

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10
Q

class that includes lampreys

A

Petromyzontida

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11
Q

composition of tooth-like formations in hagfish

A

Keratin

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12
Q

number of hox gene sets in gnathostomes

A

4

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13
Q

organs that form a row along each side of the body and are sensitive to vibrations in the surrounding water

A

lateral line system

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14
Q

corkscrew-shaped ridge that increases surface area and prolongs the passage of food through the relatively short digestive tract in sharks

A

spiral valve

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15
Q

mother lays eggs that hatch outside the mother’s body

A

Oviparous

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16
Q

mother retain the fertilized eggs in the oviduct

A

Ovoviviparous

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17
Q

young develop within the uterus

A

Viviparous

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18
Q

skeleton composition of fish

A

calcium phosphate

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19
Q

number of pairs of fish gills

A

four or five

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20
Q

class of ray finned fish

A

actinopterygii

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21
Q

clade of lobe finned fish

A

sarcopterygii

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22
Q

origin of sarcopterygii

A

silurian

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23
Q

origin of actinopterygii

A

silurian

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24
Q

order of coelocanths

A

actinistia

25
Q

order of lungfish

A

dipnoi

26
Q

torpor under high temps

A

estivation

27
Q

clade of modern amphibians

A

lissamphibia

28
Q

order of salamanders and newts

A

urodela

29
Q

order of frogs

A

anura

30
Q

order of caecilians

A

apoda

31
Q

white of egg composition

A

albumin

32
Q

4 extraembryonic membranes

A

amnion, allantois, chorion, yolk sac

33
Q

composition of reptile scales

A

beta keratin

34
Q

clade that includes the 28 orders of living birds

A

neornithes

35
Q

ratites

A

palaeognathae

36
Q

4 types of teeth in animals

A

incisors, canines, molars, premolars

37
Q

maternal pouch in marsupials

A

marsupium

38
Q

traveling by swinging from branch to branch in trees

A

brachiating

39
Q

new and old world monkeys and apes

A

anthropoids

40
Q

genus of gibbons

A

Hylobates

41
Q

genus of orangutans

A

Pongo

42
Q

genus of chimpanzees

A

Pan

43
Q

genus of gorillas

A

Gorilla

44
Q

chordate that had the first head

A

Myllokunmingia

45
Q

spiny sharks

A

Acanthodians

46
Q

origin of amniotes

A

350 million years ago

47
Q

ancient turtle with hard, shelllike bones along its belly

A

pappochelys

48
Q

when new world monkeys first colonized south america

A

25 million years ago

49
Q

age of homo sapiens

A

200,000 years old

50
Q

study of human origins

A

paleoanthropology

51
Q

species more closely related to us than chimpanzees

A

hominins

52
Q

oldest hominin

A

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

53
Q

hole at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes

A

foramen magnum

54
Q

lucy was a member of this species

A

Australopithecus afarensis

55
Q

“Weak” australopiths

A

Australopithecus afarensis and africanus

56
Q

“robust” australopiths

A

Paranthropus boisei

57
Q

Homo ergaster

A

first hominin to migrate out of africa

58
Q

where neanderthals were found

A

Neander Valley in Germany

Bio (23 decks)

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