Fungi Flashcards
modified hyphae that extract nutrients from plants
haustoria
cell walls separating cells in hyphae
septae
fungi lacking septae
coenocytic fungi
formation of mycelium from spores
germination
Hyphae cells fuse when they meet during sexual reproduction
plasmogamy
between plasmogamy and fusion of nuclei
heterokaryotic phase
when only two nuclei engage in plasmogamy to form each heterokaryon
dikaryotic phase
fusion of nuclei
karyogamy
formed by karyogamy
zygote
grade of all fungi lacking sexual reproduction
Deuteromycetes
close relatives of fungi; amoebas that feed on algae and bacteria
nucleariids
earliest-diverging lineages of fungi
chytrids
fungi that do not synthesize a chitin-rich cell wall during any of their life cycle stages; controversial grouping
cryptomycota
unique spores in chytrids that are flagellated
zoospores
Fast growing molds, parasites, commensalists on animals
zygomycota
extensions of hyphae in zygomycotan sexual reproduction
gametangia
form from merging of gametangia during plasmogamy
zygosporangium
forms spores in zygomycota
sporangium
zygomycota genus that can shoot spores in water, aiming its Sporangium toward light
Pilobolus
white bread mold species
Rhizopus stolonifer
location of septa in Rhizopus stolonifer
only reproductive cells
nearly all of them form arbuscular mycorrhizae
Glomeromycota
Sac Fungi
Ascomycota
branches of mycelia for asexual reproduction in ascomycota
conidiophore
asexual spores in ascomycota
conidia
plasmogamy produces these in ascomycota
dikaryotic ascus
karyogamy occurs here in ascomycota
ascus
number of ascospores per ascus
8
fruiting bodies containing the spore-forming asci
ascocarp
club fungus
basidiomycota
contains rusts and smuts
basidiomycota
best at decomposing lignin
basidiomycota
elaborate fruiting bodies in basidiomycota
Basidiocarps
basidiomycota cell in which karyogamy occurs, followed immediately by meiosis; sheltered by basidiocarp cap
basidia
most endophytes
ascomycota
most lichens
ascomycota
small reproductive clusters of hyphae with embedded algae
soredia
causes Chestnut blight
Cryphonectria parasitica; ascomycete fungus
causes pine pitch canker
Ascomycete - Fusarium circinatum
causes ergot
Ascomycete - Claviceps purpurea
caused recent decline or extinction of about 200 species of frogs and other amphibians
chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
general term for an infection in an animal by a fungal parasite
mycosis
causes ringworm
ascomycota
ringworm on the foot
athlete’s foot
systemic mycosis that produces tuberculosis-like symptoms in the lungs
coccidioidomycosis
causes yeast infections
Candida albicans
many strains of baker’s yeast and brewer’s yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
ascomycete that can grow on wood or agricultural waste and that naturally produces hydrocarbons similar to those in diesel fuel
Gliocladium roseum
makes penicillin
ascomycete mold Penicillium