Even More Plants Flashcards
1
Q
micronutrient needed for regeneration of phosphoenolpyruvate in C4 and CAM pathways
A
sodium
2
Q
yellowing of leaves
A
chlorosis
3
Q
causes chlorosis in older leaves between veins
A
magnesium deficiency
4
Q
causes chlorosis at tips of older leaves
A
nitrogen deficiency
5
Q
causes mottling of older leaves with drying of leaf edges; weak stems; and poorly developed roots
A
potassium deficiency
6
Q
causes crinkling of young leaves and death of terminal buds
A
calcium deficiency
7
Q
causes slow development, thin stems, purpling of veins, poor flowering and fruiting
A
phosphorus deficiency
8
Q
causes chlorosis in young leaves
A
sulfur deficiency
9
Q
mycorrhizae that form a dense sheath, or mantle, of mycelia over the surface of the root; form a network in the apoplast
A
Ectomycorrhizae
10
Q
mycorrhizae that push in the plasma membrane and branch
A
Arbuscular mycorrhizae
11
Q
soil closely surrounding plant roots
A
rhizosphere
12
Q
enzyme that drives nitrogen fixation in rhizobacteria
A
nitrogenase
13
Q
plant cells “infected” by Rhizobium bacteria
A
nodules
14
Q
form within vesicles that rhizobium takes
A
bacteroids
15
Q
iron containing protein that binds reversibly to oxygen in nodules, keeping them anaerobic
A
leghemoglobin
16
Q
part of the stem where floral organs attach
A
receptacle
17
Q
“flowers” that are clusters of smaller flowers
A
Inflorescences
18
Q
ultraviolet markings on flowers for bees
A
nectar guides
19
Q
joint evolution of two interacting species
A
coevolution
20
Q
epicotyl, young leaves, and shoot apical meristem
A
plumule
21
Q
region of an embryo or seedling stem above the cotyledon
A
epicotyl
22
Q
part of the stem of an embryo plant beneath the stalks of the seed leaves or cotyledons and directly above the root
A
hypocotyl
23
Q
single cotyledon in monocots
A
scutellum
24
Q
sheaths the rudimentary seed shoot in monocots
A
coleoptile
25
sheaths the rudimentary seed root in monocots
coleorhiza
26
uptake of water due to the low water potential of the dry seed
imbibition
27
rudimentary seed root
radicle
28
fruit derived from a single carpel or several fused carpels
simple fruit
29
fruit derived from single flower with more than one separate carpel, each forming a small fruit
aggregate fruit
30
fruit formed from an inflorescence
multiple fruit
31
fruit not developed from ovary; like a receptacle instead
accessory fruit
32
asexual production of seeds
apomixis
33
mass of dividing, undifferentiated totipotent cells at wounded end of plant cutting
callus
34
Some plants usually self-fertilize
"selfing"
35
flowers that lack stamens
carpellate
36
flowers that lack carpels
staminate
37
ability of a plant to reject its own pollen and the pollen of closely related individuals
self-incompatibility
38
severed shoot from one plant is permanently joined to the truncated stem of another
grafting
39
twig grafted onto the stock in grafting
scion
40
supplemented with transgenes that enable it to produce grain with increased levels of betacarotene, a precursor of vitamin A
"Golden rice"
41
Bt maize transgenes
Bacillus thuringiensis
42
highly resistant to degradation; produced by a fungus (Fusarium) that infects insect-damaged maize
Fumonisin
43
cellulose and hemicellulose turned into alcohol
biofuels
44
growth of morphological adaptations for growing in darkness in plants grown in darkness
etiolation
45
receptor group involved in de-etiolation
phytochrome
46
1st molecule in transduction pathway of de-etiolation
Ca2+
47
2nd molecule in transduction pathway of de-etiolation
guanylyl cyclase
48
3rd molecule in transduction pathway of de-etiolation
cyclic GMP
49
fertilization is blocked by recognition of S in 2n tissue around spore
sporophytic self-incompatibility
50
fertilization is blocked by recognition of S allele in spore genome
gametophytic self-incompatibility
51
an organism that has been engineered to contain DNA from another organism of the same or a different species
transgenic animal
52
mutant of tomato with reduced levels of phytochrome and greens less than wild-type tomatoes when exposed to light
aurea
53
produced in shoot apical meristem, leaves, and a little in shoot apical meristem
auxin
54
produced in root and shoot apical meristem
55
produced in roots
cytokinins
56
meristems of apical buds and roots, young leaves, and developing seeds are primary sites of production
gibberellins
57
derived from linolenic acid
Brassinosteroids
58
produced in roots in response to low phosphate conditions or high auxin flow from the shoot
strigolactones
59
stimulates stem elongation, the formation of lateral and adventitious roots, regulated development of fruit, enhances apical dominance, functions in phototropism and gravitropism, promotes vascular differentiation, retards leaf abscission
auxin
60
promote lateral bud growth and movement of nutrients into seed tissues, delays leaf senescence
cytokinins
61
stimulate cell elongation and cell division as well as germination and fruit growth
gibberellin
62
inhibits growth, promotes dormancy
Abscisic acid
63
promote cell expansion and cell division in shoots, root growth at low concentrations, inhibit root growth at high concentrations, promote xylem differentiation and inhibit phloem differentiation, promote seed germination and pollen tube elongation
Brassinosteroids
64
Produced in response to herbivory and pathogen invasion along with regulating fruit ripening, floral development, pollen production, tendril coiling, root growth, seed germination, and nectar secretion
Jasmonates
65
Promote seed germination, control of apical dominance, and the attraction of mycorrhizal fungi to the root
Strigolactones
66
major natural auxin
Indoleacetic acid
67
proton pumps play a major role in the growth response of cells to auxin
acid growth hypothesis
68
synthesis triggered by polar flow of auxin down the shoot; directly repress lateral bud growth
strigolactones
69
cytokinins are a derivative of what nucleic acid
adenine
70
most common natural cytokinin
zeatin
71
disease causes seedlings to grow too fast and fall over
“foolish seedling disease.”
72
causes “foolish seedling disease.”
Gibberella fungus
73
rapid growth of the floral stalk
bolting
74
When plant root encounters and obstacle
triple response
75
genes that are continually expressed in all cells
constitutive genes
76
programmed death of certain cells or organs or the entire plant
senescence
77
produces fragrance of jasmine flowers
methyl jasmonate
78
Any growth response that results in plant organs curving toward or away from stimuli
Tropism
79
layer that surrounds the endosperm in seeds
alerone
80
Blue-light photoreceptors
Cryptochromes
81
Phototropin
protein kinase involved in mediating blue-light-mediated stomatal opening, chloroplast movements in response to light, and phototropic curvatures
82
photoreceptors absorb mostly red light
Phytochromes
83
trees in shade grow faster
Shade avoidance
84
hypothetical signaling molecule for flowering
Florigen
85
gene activated in leaf cells during conditions favoring flowering
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)
86
pretreatment with cold for several weeks to induce flowering
Vernalization
87
second defense against Pathogens
PAMP-Triggered Immunity
88
recognition receptors in PAMP-Triggered Immunity
Toll like receptors
89
antimicrobial chemicals produced in PAMP-Triggered Immunity
phytoalexins
90
pathogen-encoded proteins that block PAMP triggered immunity
effectors
91
third defense against Pathogens
Effector Triggered Immunity
92
local effector triggered immunity
Hypersensitive response
93
plant wide effector triggered immunity
Systemic acquired resistance
94
produced at the infection site in Systemic acquired resistance
methylsalicylic acid
95
produced at the infection site in Systemic acquired resistance
methylsalicylic acid
96
produced at the infection site in Systemic acquired resistance
methylsalicylic acid
96
produced at the infection site in Systemic acquired resistance
methylsalicylic acid
96
produced at the infection site in Systemic acquired resistance
methylsalicylic acid
96
produced at the infection site in Systemic acquired resistance
methylsalicylic acid
96
produced at the infection site in Systemic acquired resistance
methylsalicylic acid
97
local cell and tissue death near the infection site is what type of resistance
hypersensitive response
98
mimic insect hormones and cause insects to molt prematurely and die
terpenoids
99
mimic insect hormones and cause insects to molt prematurely and die
terpenoids
100
mimic insect hormones and cause insects to molt prematurely and die
terpenoids
100
have an unpleasant taste and hinder the digestion of proteins
phenolics
101
store chemicals
lactifers
102
store chemicals
lactifers
102
store chemicals
lactifers
102
store chemicals
lactifers
102
store chemicals
lactifers
103
contain raphides(needle-shaped crystals of calcium oxalate); penetrate tissues so irritant, ex proteases, can enter and cause swelling of the lips, mouth, and throat.
idioblasts
104
population synchronously produces a massive amount of seeds after a long interval
masting
