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Bio > Even More Plants > Flashcards

Even More Plants Flashcards

1
Q

micronutrient needed for regeneration of phosphoenolpyruvate in C4 and CAM pathways

A

sodium

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2
Q

yellowing of leaves

A

chlorosis

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3
Q

causes chlorosis in older leaves between veins

A

magnesium deficiency

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4
Q

causes chlorosis at tips of older leaves

A

nitrogen deficiency

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5
Q

causes mottling of older leaves with drying of leaf edges; weak stems; and poorly developed roots

A

potassium deficiency

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6
Q

causes crinkling of young leaves and death of terminal buds

A

calcium deficiency

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7
Q

causes slow development, thin stems, purpling of veins, poor flowering and fruiting

A

phosphorus deficiency

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8
Q

causes chlorosis in young leaves

A

sulfur deficiency

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9
Q

mycorrhizae that form a dense sheath, or mantle, of mycelia over the surface of the root; form a network in the apoplast

A

Ectomycorrhizae

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10
Q

mycorrhizae that push in the plasma membrane and branch

A

Arbuscular mycorrhizae

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11
Q

soil closely surrounding plant roots

A

rhizosphere

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12
Q

enzyme that drives nitrogen fixation in rhizobacteria

A

nitrogenase

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13
Q

plant cells “infected” by Rhizobium bacteria

A

nodules

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14
Q

form within vesicles that rhizobium takes

A

bacteroids

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15
Q

iron containing protein that binds reversibly to oxygen in nodules, keeping them anaerobic

A

leghemoglobin

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16
Q

part of the stem where floral organs attach

A

receptacle

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17
Q

“flowers” that are clusters of smaller flowers

A

Inflorescences

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18
Q

ultraviolet markings on flowers for bees

A

nectar guides

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19
Q

joint evolution of two interacting species

A

coevolution

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20
Q

epicotyl, young leaves, and shoot apical meristem

A

plumule

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21
Q

region of an embryo or seedling stem above the cotyledon

A

epicotyl

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22
Q

part of the stem of an embryo plant beneath the stalks of the seed leaves or cotyledons and directly above the root

A

hypocotyl

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23
Q

single cotyledon in monocots

A

scutellum

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24
Q

sheaths the rudimentary seed shoot in monocots

A

coleoptile

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25
Q

sheaths the rudimentary seed root in monocots

A

coleorhiza

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26
Q

uptake of water due to the low water potential of the dry seed

A

imbibition

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27
Q

rudimentary seed root

A

radicle

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28
Q

fruit derived from a single carpel or several fused carpels

A

simple fruit

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29
Q

fruit derived from single flower with more than one separate carpel, each forming a small fruit

A

aggregate fruit

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30
Q

fruit formed from an inflorescence

A

multiple fruit

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31
Q

fruit not developed from ovary; like a receptacle instead

A

accessory fruit

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32
Q

asexual production of seeds

A

apomixis

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33
Q

mass of dividing, undifferentiated totipotent cells at wounded end of plant cutting

A

callus

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34
Q

Some plants usually self-fertilize

A

“selfing”

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35
Q

flowers that lack stamens

A

carpellate

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36
Q

flowers that lack carpels

A

staminate

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37
Q

ability of a plant to reject its own pollen and the pollen of closely related individuals

A

self-incompatibility

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38
Q

severed shoot from one plant is permanently joined to the truncated stem of another

A

grafting

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39
Q

twig grafted onto the stock in grafting

A

scion

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40
Q

supplemented with transgenes that enable it to produce grain with increased levels of betacarotene, a precursor of vitamin A

A

“Golden rice”

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41
Q

Bt maize transgenes

A

Bacillus thuringiensis

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42
Q

highly resistant to degradation; produced by a fungus (Fusarium) that infects insect-damaged maize

A

Fumonisin

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43
Q

cellulose and hemicellulose turned into alcohol

A

biofuels

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44
Q

growth of morphological adaptations for growing in darkness in plants grown in darkness

A

etiolation

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45
Q

receptor group involved in de-etiolation

A

phytochrome

46
Q

1st molecule in transduction pathway of de-etiolation

47
Q

2nd molecule in transduction pathway of de-etiolation

A

guanylyl cyclase

48
Q

3rd molecule in transduction pathway of de-etiolation

A

cyclic GMP

49
Q

fertilization is blocked by recognition of S in 2n tissue around spore

A

sporophytic self-incompatibility

50
Q

fertilization is blocked by recognition of S allele in spore genome

A

gametophytic self-incompatibility

51
Q

an organism that has been engineered to contain DNA from another organism of the same or a different species

A

transgenic animal

52
Q

mutant of tomato with reduced levels of phytochrome and greens less than wild-type tomatoes when exposed to light

53
Q

produced in shoot apical meristem, leaves, and a little in shoot apical meristem

54
Q

produced in root and shoot apical meristem

55
Q

produced in roots

A

cytokinins

56
Q

meristems of apical buds and roots, young leaves, and developing seeds are primary sites of production

A

gibberellins

57
Q

derived from linolenic acid

A

Brassinosteroids

58
Q

produced in roots in response to low phosphate conditions or high auxin flow from the shoot

A

strigolactones

59
Q

stimulates stem elongation, the formation of lateral and adventitious roots, regulated development of fruit, enhances apical dominance, functions in phototropism and gravitropism, promotes vascular differentiation, retards leaf abscission

60
Q

promote lateral bud growth and movement of nutrients into seed tissues, delays leaf senescence

A

cytokinins

61
Q

stimulate cell elongation and cell division as well as germination and fruit growth

A

gibberellin

62
Q

inhibits growth, promotes dormancy

A

Abscisic acid

63
Q

promote cell expansion and cell division in shoots, root growth at low concentrations, inhibit root growth at high concentrations, promote xylem differentiation and inhibit phloem differentiation, promote seed germination and pollen tube elongation

A

Brassinosteroids

64
Q

Produced in response to herbivory and pathogen invasion along with regulating fruit ripening, floral development, pollen production, tendril coiling, root growth, seed germination, and nectar secretion

A

Jasmonates

65
Q

Promote seed germination, control of apical dominance, and the attraction of mycorrhizal fungi to the root

A

Strigolactones

66
Q

major natural auxin

A

Indoleacetic acid

67
Q

proton pumps play a major role in the growth response of cells to auxin

A

acid growth hypothesis

68
Q

synthesis triggered by polar flow of auxin down the shoot; directly repress lateral bud growth

A

strigolactones

69
Q

cytokinins are a derivative of what nucleic acid

70
Q

most common natural cytokinin

71
Q

disease causes seedlings to grow too fast and fall over

A

“foolish seedling disease.”

72
Q

causes “foolish seedling disease.”

A

Gibberella fungus

73
Q

rapid growth of the floral stalk

74
Q

When plant root encounters and obstacle

A

triple response

75
Q

genes that are continually expressed in all cells

A

constitutive genes

76
Q

programmed death of certain cells or organs or the entire plant

A

senescence

77
Q

produces fragrance of jasmine flowers

A

methyl jasmonate

78
Q

Any growth response that results in plant organs curving toward or away from stimuli

79
Q

layer that surrounds the endosperm in seeds

80
Q

Blue-light photoreceptors

A

Cryptochromes

81
Q

Phototropin

A

protein kinase involved in mediating blue-light-mediated stomatal opening, chloroplast movements in response to light, and phototropic curvatures

82
Q

photoreceptors absorb mostly red light

A

Phytochromes

83
Q

trees in shade grow faster

A

Shade avoidance

84
Q

hypothetical signaling molecule for flowering

85
Q

gene activated in leaf cells during conditions favoring flowering

A

FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)

86
Q

pretreatment with cold for several weeks to induce flowering

A

Vernalization

87
Q

second defense against Pathogens

A

PAMP-Triggered Immunity

88
Q

recognition receptors in PAMP-Triggered Immunity

A

Toll like receptors

89
Q

antimicrobial chemicals produced in PAMP-Triggered Immunity

A

phytoalexins

90
Q

pathogen-encoded proteins that block PAMP triggered immunity

91
Q

third defense against Pathogens

A

Effector Triggered Immunity

92
Q

local effector triggered immunity

A

Hypersensitive response

93
Q

plant wide effector triggered immunity

A

Systemic acquired resistance

94
Q

produced at the infection site in Systemic acquired resistance

A

methylsalicylic acid

95
Q

produced at the infection site in Systemic acquired resistance

A

methylsalicylic acid

96
Q

produced at the infection site in Systemic acquired resistance

A

methylsalicylic acid

96
Q

produced at the infection site in Systemic acquired resistance

A

methylsalicylic acid

96
Q

produced at the infection site in Systemic acquired resistance

A

methylsalicylic acid

96
Q

produced at the infection site in Systemic acquired resistance

A

methylsalicylic acid

96
Q

produced at the infection site in Systemic acquired resistance

A

methylsalicylic acid

97
Q

local cell and tissue death near the infection site is what type of resistance

A

hypersensitive response

98
Q

mimic insect hormones and cause insects to molt prematurely and die

A

terpenoids

99
Q

mimic insect hormones and cause insects to molt prematurely and die

A

terpenoids

100
Q

mimic insect hormones and cause insects to molt prematurely and die

A

terpenoids

100
Q

have an unpleasant taste and hinder the digestion of proteins

101
Q

store chemicals

102
Q

store chemicals

102
Q

store chemicals

102
Q

store chemicals

102
Q

store chemicals

103
Q

contain raphides(needle-shaped crystals of calcium oxalate); penetrate tissues so irritant, ex proteases, can enter and cause swelling of the lips, mouth, and throat.

A

idioblasts

104
Q

population synchronously produces a massive amount of seeds after a long interval

Bio (23 decks)

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