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Brain Regions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Voluntary movement of muscles of body and head region

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2
Q

Precentral gyrus disorder

A

loss of voluntary movement of body and head region

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3
Q

Frontal eye fields

A

Controls voluntary horizontal movement of the eyes

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4
Q

Premotor region

A

Aids and integrates voluntary movements of the body

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5
Q

Premotor region disorder

A

Apraxia(loss of ability to carry out complex movements of the body and head)

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6
Q

Frontal eye fields disorder

A

Loss of voluntary control of the horizontal eye movement

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7
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Intellectual functions; affective processes

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8
Q

Prefrontal cortex disorder

A

Intellectual and emotional impairment

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9
Q

Broca’s motor speech area

A

Regulates motor aspects of speech

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10
Q

Broca’s motor speech area disorder

A

Motor aphasia

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11
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

Conscious perception of the somesthetic sensation

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12
Q

Postcentral gyrus disorder

A

Loss of somatosensory perception

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13
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Receptive integration of speech

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14
Q

Wernicke’s area disorder

A

Receptive aphasia

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15
Q

Superior parietal lobule

A

Integration of sensory and motor functions; programming mechanism for motor responses

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16
Q

Superior temporal gyrus

A

Auditory perception

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17
Q

Superior temporal gyrus disorder

A

Loss of auditory perception

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18
Q

Middle temporal gyrus

A

Detection of moving objects

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19
Q

Middle temporal gyrus disorder

A

Loss of movement detection

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20
Q

Inferior temporal gyrus

A

Recognition of faces

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21
Q

Inferior temporal gyrus disorder

A

Loss of facial recognition

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22
Q

Upper and lower banks of calcarine sulcus

A

Visual perception

23
Q

Upper and lower banks of calcarine sulcus disorder

A

Partial or total loss of vision of the contralateral visual fields for both eyes, depending upon the extent of the lesion in the visual cortex

24
Q

Ventricles

A

Flow of CSF throughout the CNS: a source of electrolytes and conduit of neuroactive and metabolic products

25
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Regulation of motor functions associated with cerebral cortex

26
Q

Ventricles disorder

A

Hydrocephalus

27
Q

Basal ganglia disorder

A

Dyskinesia

28
Q

List of basal ganglia

A

Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra

29
Q

Cerebral cortex list

A

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe

30
Q

Ventricles list

A

Lateral, third, fourth ventricles
cerebral aqueduct

31
Q

Basal ganglia list

A

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Subthalamic nucleus
Substantia nigra

32
Q

Diencephalon list

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic Structures

33
Q

Thalamus/Thalamic nuclei

A

Transmission of signals from other regions of the CNS to the cerebral cortex, mediating sensory, motor, cognitive, and affective(emotional) functions

34
Q

Thalamus/Thalamic nuclei disorder

A

Disruption and possible loss of sensory, motor, and other functions

35
Q

Hypothalamus/Hypothalamic nuclei

A

Visceral(feeding, drinking, autonomic, and endocrine functions and sexual and emotional behavior)

36
Q

Hypothalamus/Hypothalamic nuclei disorder

A

Disruption, loss, or alterations in visceral and affective functions and processes

37
Q

Limbic structures list

A

Hippocampal formation, amygdala, septal area, cingulate gyrus, prefrontal cortex

38
Q

Limbic structures

A

Modulation of hypothalamic functions; regulation of emotional behavior; short-term memory

39
Q

Limbic structures disorder

A

Temporal lobe epilepsy; loss of control of emotions and related affective processes; loss of short-term memory

40
Q

Cerebellum and Brainstem list

A

Cerebellum
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

41
Q

Cerebellum lobes

A

anterior, posterior, flocculonodular

42
Q

Cerebellum

A

Integration of motor functions related to all regions of the CNS associated with motor and related processes

43
Q

Cerebellum disorder

A

Loss of balance; ataxia; hypotonia; loss of coordination; disorders of movement when intentionally attempting to produce a purposeful response

44
Q

Midbrain

A

Transmission and regulation of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions(CN III and IV)

45
Q

Midbrain disorder

A

Sensory, motor, and autonomic deficits as well as deficits associated with CN III and IV

46
Q

Pons

A

Transmission and regulation of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions(CN V, VI, VII, and VIII)

47
Q

Pons disorder

A

Sensory, motor, and autonomic deficits as well as deficits associated with CN V, VI, and VII

48
Q

Medulla

A

Transmission and regulation of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions(CN V, VIII, IX, X, XII)

49
Q

Medulla disorder

A

Sensory, motor, and autonomic deficits, including respiration, as well as deficits associated with CN VIII, IX, X, and XII

50
Q

Frontal lobe list

A

Precentral gyrus, Premotor region, Frontal eye fields, Prefrontal cortex, Broca’s motor speech area

51
Q

Parietal lobe list

A

Postcentral gyrus, Wernicke’s area, Superior partietal lobule

52
Q

Temporal lobe list

A

Superior temporal gyrus, Middle temporal gyrus, Inferior temporal gyrus

53
Q

Occipital lobe list

A

Upper and lower banks of calcarine sulcus

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