Brain Regions Flashcards
Precentral gyrus
Voluntary movement of muscles of body and head region
Precentral gyrus disorder
loss of voluntary movement of body and head region
Frontal eye fields
Controls voluntary horizontal movement of the eyes
Premotor region
Aids and integrates voluntary movements of the body
Premotor region disorder
Apraxia(loss of ability to carry out complex movements of the body and head)
Frontal eye fields disorder
Loss of voluntary control of the horizontal eye movement
Prefrontal cortex
Intellectual functions; affective processes
Prefrontal cortex disorder
Intellectual and emotional impairment
Broca’s motor speech area
Regulates motor aspects of speech
Broca’s motor speech area disorder
Motor aphasia
Postcentral gyrus
Conscious perception of the somesthetic sensation
Postcentral gyrus disorder
Loss of somatosensory perception
Wernicke’s area
Receptive integration of speech
Wernicke’s area disorder
Receptive aphasia
Superior parietal lobule
Integration of sensory and motor functions; programming mechanism for motor responses
Superior temporal gyrus
Auditory perception
Superior temporal gyrus disorder
Loss of auditory perception
Middle temporal gyrus
Detection of moving objects
Middle temporal gyrus disorder
Loss of movement detection
Inferior temporal gyrus
Recognition of faces
Inferior temporal gyrus disorder
Loss of facial recognition
Upper and lower banks of calcarine sulcus
Visual perception
Upper and lower banks of calcarine sulcus disorder
Partial or total loss of vision of the contralateral visual fields for both eyes, depending upon the extent of the lesion in the visual cortex
Ventricles
Flow of CSF throughout the CNS: a source of electrolytes and conduit of neuroactive and metabolic products
Basal ganglia
Regulation of motor functions associated with cerebral cortex
Ventricles disorder
Hydrocephalus
Basal ganglia disorder
Dyskinesia
List of basal ganglia
Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra
Cerebral cortex list
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
Ventricles list
Lateral, third, fourth ventricles
cerebral aqueduct
Basal ganglia list
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Subthalamic nucleus
Substantia nigra
Diencephalon list
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic Structures
Thalamus/Thalamic nuclei
Transmission of signals from other regions of the CNS to the cerebral cortex, mediating sensory, motor, cognitive, and affective(emotional) functions
Thalamus/Thalamic nuclei disorder
Disruption and possible loss of sensory, motor, and other functions
Hypothalamus/Hypothalamic nuclei
Visceral(feeding, drinking, autonomic, and endocrine functions and sexual and emotional behavior)
Hypothalamus/Hypothalamic nuclei disorder
Disruption, loss, or alterations in visceral and affective functions and processes
Limbic structures list
Hippocampal formation, amygdala, septal area, cingulate gyrus, prefrontal cortex
Limbic structures
Modulation of hypothalamic functions; regulation of emotional behavior; short-term memory
Limbic structures disorder
Temporal lobe epilepsy; loss of control of emotions and related affective processes; loss of short-term memory
Cerebellum and Brainstem list
Cerebellum
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
Cerebellum lobes
anterior, posterior, flocculonodular
Cerebellum
Integration of motor functions related to all regions of the CNS associated with motor and related processes
Cerebellum disorder
Loss of balance; ataxia; hypotonia; loss of coordination; disorders of movement when intentionally attempting to produce a purposeful response
Midbrain
Transmission and regulation of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions(CN III and IV)
Midbrain disorder
Sensory, motor, and autonomic deficits as well as deficits associated with CN III and IV
Pons
Transmission and regulation of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions(CN V, VI, VII, and VIII)
Pons disorder
Sensory, motor, and autonomic deficits as well as deficits associated with CN V, VI, and VII
Medulla
Transmission and regulation of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions(CN V, VIII, IX, X, XII)
Medulla disorder
Sensory, motor, and autonomic deficits, including respiration, as well as deficits associated with CN VIII, IX, X, and XII
Frontal lobe list
Precentral gyrus, Premotor region, Frontal eye fields, Prefrontal cortex, Broca’s motor speech area
Parietal lobe list
Postcentral gyrus, Wernicke’s area, Superior partietal lobule
Temporal lobe list
Superior temporal gyrus, Middle temporal gyrus, Inferior temporal gyrus
Occipital lobe list
Upper and lower banks of calcarine sulcus
