Genes Flashcards
responsible for x methylation in barr bodies
XIST
required for the development of testes
SRY
promotes ovary development
WNT4
Chromosome location of WNT4
Autosome 1
Chromosome location of SRY
Y
Chromosome location of XIST
X
Formed from chromosome 22 after exchange of a large portion for small fragment from a tip of chromosome 9
Philadelphia Chromosome
imprinted gene for mouse gene for insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2)
paternal
Sickle cell mutation
Valine for glutamate in Beta globin
operon controls tryptophan production by coordinately controlled enzymes in E. coli
Trp
Regulatory gene for Trp
trpR
Trp operon type
repressible
operon involved in lactose metabolism in E. coli
lac
lac type of operon
inducible
3 genes in lac operon
lac Z, lac Y, lac A
lac gene that codes for a permease, the membrane protein that transports lactose into the cell
lac Y
lac gene that codes for transacetylase, an enzyme that detoxifies other molecules entering the cell via the permease
lac A
lac gene for β-galactosidase
lac Z
gene near the lac operon that codes for a repressor of lac operon
lac I
master regulatory gene for muscle cells
myoD
regulatory genes that control pattern formation in the late embryo, larva, and adult
homeotic genes
when mutant in the mother, results in a mutant phenotype in the offspring, regardless of the offspring’s own genotype
maternal effect genes
maternal effect genes that determine orientation of the egg and therefore the fly
egg polarity genes
Mutations in this egg polarity gene leads to two tails and no head
bicoid gene
named for rat sarcoma, a connective tissue cancer; Encodes a G protein that relays a signal from a growth factor receptor on the plasma membrane to a cascade of protein kinases
ras proto-oncogene
named for the 53,000-dalton molecular weight of its protein product; encodes a specific transcription factor that promotes the synthesis of cell cycle–inhibiting proteins so mutations can promote rapid cell growth
p53
product halts the cell cycle by binding to cyclin dependent kinases, allowing time for DNA repair; activated by p53
p21
tumor suppressor gene often knocked out in colorectal cancer polyps; regulates cell migration and adhesion
adenomatous polyposis coli(APC)
tumor suppressor gene mutations associated with increased susceptibility to breast cancer; deal with DNA repair
BRCA1 and BRCA2
codes for eye development and has been substituted in mice and frogs for that in flies
Pax-6 gene
10% of the human genome; shorter than most functional transposable elements
Alu elements
Retrotransposon; 17% of human genome; More active in developing brain cells
LINE-1
vital for language in humans
FOXP2
180 nucleotide sequence found in all homeotic genes of drosophila
Homeobox
homeotic genes in animals
Hox genes
hox gene in insects that suppresses leg formation where it is expressed
Ubx
provide positional information in an animal embryo
hox genes
genes that control the spatial organization of body parts
homeotic gene
three plant genes whose expression is required for the formation of mycorrhizae in flowering plants
sym genes
differential expression of this homeotic gene is needed for proper distribution of root hairs
GLABRA-2
mutant of Arabidopsis where establishment of polarity is defective
gnom mutant
maize’s homolog of Hox genes; involved in leaf morpholog
KNOTTED-1
affects the number and placement of plant organs
MADS-box
switched on in the two outer whorls (sepals and petals)
A gene
switched on in the two middle whorls (petals and stamens)
B gene
switched on in the two inner whorls (stamens and carpels)
C gene
from only gene A
sepals
from genes A and B
petals
from genes B and C
stamens
from only gene C
carpal
