More Plants

Question 1

first root and organ to emerge

Answer 1

primary root

Question 2

develops from the primary root and is main anchor

Answer 2

taproot

Question 3

thick mat of slender roots spreading out below the soil surface

Answer 3

fibrous root system

Question 4

adj for plant organ that grows in an unusual location ex the fibrous roots growing from stems

Answer 4

Adventitious

Question 5

roots like stilts propping up tall plants

Answer 5

prop roots

Question 6

extensions of root epidermal cells, emerging from tips of lateral roots and increase the surface area for absorption

Answer 6

root hairs

Question 7

air roots

Answer 7

Pneumatophores

Question 8

Aerial roots that look like buttresses cause rainforest tree roots are shallow

Answer 8

buttress roots

Question 9

where leaves attach to stem

Answer 9

nodes

Question 10

between where leaves attach to stem

Answer 10

internodes

Question 11

growing shoot tip

Answer 11

apical bud

Question 12

lateral branch or, in some cases, a thorn or flower

Answer 12

axillary bud

Question 13

horizontal shoot that grows just below the surface - vertical shoots emerge from axillary buds on this

Answer 13

rhizomes

Question 14

horizontal shoots that grow along the surface; “runners”, enable asexual reproduction

Answer 14

stolons

Question 15

enlarged ends of rhizomes or stolons specialized for storing food

Answer 15

tubers

Question 16

stalk to leaf

Answer 16

Petiole

Question 17

sugars and carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis

Answer 17

Photosynthates

Question 18

Three tissue types in plants

Answer 18

dermal, vascular, ground

Question 19

hairlike outgrowths on dermal tissue

Answer 19

trichomes

Question 20

dermal tissue in nonwoody plants

Answer 20

epidermis

Question 21

dermal tissue in woody plants

Answer 21

periderm

Question 22

collective vascular tissue of stem and root

Answer 22

stele

Question 23

ground tissue internal to vascular tissue

Answer 23

Pith

Question 24

ground tissue external to vascular tissue

Answer 24

cortex

Question 25

lignin mass percent in dry wood

Answer 25

25%

Question 26

cell type doing most of the metabolic functions of the plant, synthesizing and storing various organic products

Answer 26

parenchyma

Question 27

cells with primary walls that are relatively thin and flexible, and most lack secondary walls; totipotent

Answer 27

parenchyma

Question 28

elongated cells that help support young parts of the plant shoot

Answer 28

collenchyma

Question 29

supporting elements in the plant but are much more rigid than collenchyma cells

Answer 29

Sclerenchyma

Question 30

Thick lignified secondary wall; Mature cells can’t elongate and are in regions of the plant that aren’t growing; Many are dead at functional maturity

Answer 30

Sclerenchyma

Question 31

living part of the cell

Answer 31

protoplast

Question 32

cell that gives hardness to nutshells and seed coats and the gritty texture to pear fruits

Answer 32

Sclereids

Question 33

sclerenchyma that is usually grouped in strands; long, slender, and tapered

Answer 33

Fibers

Question 34

phloem cells in gymnosperms

Answer 34

sieve cells

Question 35

phloem cells in angiosperms

Answer 35

sieve tube elements

Question 36

growth throughout life

Answer 36

indeterminate growth

Question 37

growth that stops after reaching a certain size

Answer 37

determinate growth

Question 38

totipotent tissues in plants

Answer 38

meristem

Question 39

root and shoot tips

Answer 39

apical meristems

Question 40

growth in length

Answer 40

primary growth

Question 41

apical meristem becomes this

Answer 41

primary meristem

Question 42

Primitive dermal tissue in primary meristem

Answer 42

protoderm

Question 43

Primitive ground tissue in primary meristem

Answer 43

ground meristem

Question 44

Primitive vascular tissue in primary meristem

Answer 44

procambium

Question 45

lateral meristems

Answer 45

vascular cambium and cork cambium

Question 46

growth in thickness

Answer 46

secondary growth

Question 47

lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem(wood) and phloem

Answer 47

vascular cambium

Question 48

lateral meristem that replaces the epidermis periderm

Answer 48

cork cambium

Question 49

protects apical meristem as the root pushes through the soil

Answer 49

root cap

Question 50

innermost layer of the cortex of roots

Answer 50

endodermis

Question 51

cell layer that surrounds the vascular cylinder

Answer 51

pericycle

Question 52

xylem and phloem in roots

Answer 52

vascular cylinder

Question 53

root has core of undifferentiated parenchyma cells surrounded by a ring of alternating xylem and phloem tissues

Answer 53

monocots

Question 54

root has cross section star of xylem with phloem in indentations

Answer 54

eudicots

Question 55

closer an axillary bud is to an active apical bud, the more inhibited it is

Answer 55

apical dominance

Question 56

units of vascular tissue in eudicots

Answer 56

vascular bundles

Question 57

one or more layers of elongated parenchyma cells on the upper part of the leaf

Answer 57

palisade mesophyll

Question 58

below palisade mesophyll; more loosely arranged; labyrinth of air spaces for CO2 and O2

Answer 58

spongey mesophyll

Question 59

regulates the movement of substances between the vascular tissue and the mesophyll

Answer 59

bundle sheath cells

Question 60

radial files of mostly parenchyma cells that connect the secondary xylem and phloem

Answer 60

vascular rays

Question 61

minerals in water solution transported by xylem

Answer 61

xylem sap

Question 62

interiormost xylem that no longer transports xylem sap

Answer 62

heartwood

Question 63

exteriormost xylem that continues to transport xylem sap

Answer 63

sapwood

Question 64

both layers of secondary phloem and periderm

Answer 64

bark

Question 65

Cork cells deposit this in their walls before dying

Answer 65

suberin

Question 66

small, raised areas dotting periderm Has more space between cork cells -> gas exchange

Answer 66

lenticels

Question 67

ability to alter form in response to local environmental conditions

Answer 67

developmental plasticity

Question 68

Microtubules become concentrated into this ring

Answer 68

Preprophase band

Question 69

arrangement of leaves on a stem

Answer 69

Phyllotaxy

Question 70

angle of alternate phyllotaxy

Answer 70

137.5°

Question 71

ratio of total upper leaf surface of a single plant or an entire crop divided by the surface area of the land on which the plant or crop grows

Answer 71

Leaf area index

Question 72

everything external to the plasma membranes of living cells

Answer 72

apoplast

Question 73

entire mass of cytosol of all the living cells in a plant, plasmodesmata, etc…

Answer 73

symplast

Question 74

Solute potential

Answer 74

-iCRT

Question 75

Pressure potential

Answer 75

pressure

Question 76

cell shrinks and pulls away from the cell wall

Answer 76

plasmolyzed

Question 77

movement of liquid in response to a pressure gradient

Answer 77

bulk flow

Question 78

exudation of water droplets that can be seen in the morning on the tips or edges of some plant leaves

Answer 78

guttation

Question 79

xylem mechanism

Answer 79

cohesion-tension hypothesis

Question 80

belt made of suberin

Answer 80

casparian strip

Question 81

Plants adapted to arid environments

Answer 81

xerophytes

Question 82

In oleander, stomata are recessed in these cavities

Answer 82

crypts

Question 83

transport of the products of photosynthesis by phloem

Answer 83

translocation

Question 84

sensitive plant species

Answer 84

Mimosa pudica

Question 85

venus flytrap species

Answer 85

Dionaea muscipula