vertebral column + thoracic cage joints Flashcards

1
Q

Between vertebrae, there’s 2 types of joints. Name them

A

Intervertebral discs (symphysis, solid joints) + zygapophyseal joints (synovial)

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2
Q

The intervertebral discs insert into the vertebral body through a thin layer of cartilage. What type of cartilage is it?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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3
Q

The aim of the intervertebral discs is to … and …

A

Keep the vertebrae together + transmit the weight

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4
Q

The height of the intervertebral discs increases as you move from … to …

A

Cranial to caudal

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5
Q

The height of the intervertebral disc is much greater than the width of the vertebral body in … vertebrae

A

Cervical

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6
Q

The intervertebral disc has 2 components. Name them

A

Anulus fibrosus + nucleus pulposus

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7
Q

The anulus fibrosus is made up of …

A

Concentric fibrous layers

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8
Q

Explain the way the fibres of the anulus fibrosus are arranged

A

Internal: vertical, middle: oblique + external: horizontal

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9
Q

The function of the anulus fibrosus is to … the …

A

Stabilize, nucleus pulposus

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10
Q

The nucleus pulposus is made up of …

A

Collagen (+ some cells)

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11
Q

The ECM of the nucleus pulposus contains a lot of …

A

Water (80%)

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12
Q

The nucleus fibrosus is … and …

A

Avascular + not innervated

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13
Q

Liquids are incompressible. This allows for the nucleus pulposus to resist the … of 2 things.

A

Compression, anulus fibrosus + weight

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14
Q

Liquids transmit pressure …

A

Into every direction with the same intensity

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15
Q

Liquids are maximally deformable. Therefore, the nucleus pulposus can …

A

Distiribute the weight in a way that it produces a proportional deformation

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16
Q

The zygapophyseal joints are found between the … and …

A

Superior + inferior articular processes

17
Q

The zygapophyseal ligs. are made up of a …

A

Rigid and thin articular capsule

18
Q

Name the 6 main ligaments of the vertebral column

A

Anterior + posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentum flavum, supraspinous ligament, interspinous + intertransverse ligaments

19
Q

The anterior longitudinal ligament runs anteriorly to …

A

The vertebral bodies

20
Q

The posterior longitudinal lig. runs posteriorly to …

A

The vertebral bodies

21
Q

Name the ligament that lines the anterior wall of the vertebral canal

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

22
Q

Where does the posterior longitudinal ligament insert? (in vertebrae)

A

Intervertebral disc + epiphyseal plate

23
Q

From C2 upwards (until the occipital bone), the posterior longitudinal ligament is known as …

A

The tectorial membrane

24
Q

Distally, the posterior longitudinal lig. becomes the …

A

Posterior sacrococcygeal lig.

25
The ligamentum flavum is ...
The only elastic ligament of the body!
26
The ligamentum flavum runs from ... to ...
The lamina of one vertebra straight down to the lamina of the following one
27
The supraspinous ligament runs from ...
The spinous processes of C7 to the sacrum
28
From C7 upwards (to the external occipital protuberance), the supraspinous lig. is known as ...
The nuchal lig.