arthrology intro Flashcards
Name the 2 types of joints
Solid + synovial
Describe the differences between a synovial + a solid joint
In a synovial joint, the elements are separated by a cavity, whereas in solid joints there is no cavity, but the elements are held together by connective tissue (fibrocartilage)
Describe the characteristics of a synovial joint
- The elements are separated by an articular disc
- Hyaline cartilage covers the articular surfaces
- They have a joint capsule
with an inner synovial membrane (excretes synovial fluid) + an outer fibrous membrane
Solid joints are also known as…
Synarthrosis
Name the 3 types of solid joints there are
- Bone (synostosis)
- Fibrous (synfibrosis)
- Cartilaginous
Name the 3 types of fibrous solid joints
Skull sutures, gomphoses + syndesmoses
Name the 2 types of cartilaginous solid joints
Synchondrosis + amphiarthrosis (symphysis)
Synovial joints are also known as…
Diarthrosis
Synovial joints can be classified based on…
The shape of the articular surface or the movement
Arthrodia are … joints that allow for …
Planar joints, gliding
Trochlear/hinge joints allow for … only
Extension-flexion
Carpo-metacarpal joints are… (type of joint)
Planar joints
Interphalangeal joints are… (type)
Trochlear
Trochoid/pivot joints allow for…
Rotation (on a vertical axis)
Condylar joints don’t allow for rotation in the … axis
Vertical
An example of pivot joints is…
Radioulnar
Name 2 examples of bicondylar joints
The knee + atlanto-occipital joint
An example of a sellar joint is…
The joint between the trapezium + the 1. MC
Spheroid joints are also known as…
Enarthrosis or ball + socket
Movements of synovial joints can be…
Uni-, bi- or multiaxial
Name the components of a synovial joint (capsule,…)
Hyaline cartilage Synovial membrane Fibrous membrane Ligaments Bursae Fat pads Tendons Articular discs
Structure of synovial joints that is highly vascularized
Synovial membrane
Name the movements that are possible in the sagittal plane
Flexion-extension + nutation-counternutation
Name the movements that are possible in the axial plane
Rotations, protraction + retraction, pronation-supination, internal + external rotation
Name the movements that are possible in the frontal/coronal plane
Abduction-adduction, inclination, elevation-depression, radial-ulnar deviation, inversion-eversion
Name the movements that are done by the thumb
Flexion-extension, opposition-reposition, abduction-adduction
