knee joint Flashcards
Name the 3 joints found in the knee
Femur-tibial, femur-patellar + tibiofibular (proximal)
The joint between the femur + the tibia is …
Bicondylar
The joint between the femur and the patella is…
Trochlear
The hyaline cartilage of the articular surfaces of the femur + the tibia covers certain parts. Name them
Condyles of the femur (anterior + posterior), medial + lateral condyles of the tibia
The menisci of the knee are made of…
Fibrocartilage
The external/peripheral zone of the menisci has another name. State it and explain why it’s called that way.
Red zone, because it’s vascularized
The internal zone of the menisci is…
Avascular
The medial meniscus inserts into the tibia but is in contact with fibres of a ligament. Name it
The tibial collateral ligament
The lateral meniscus is only partially inserted into the tibia because of a tendon that’s “disrupting”. Which tendon is it?
Popliteus
The 2 menisci have different shapes. Name the one that looks like a C and is larger and the one that’s shorter and looks like an O
C shaped = medial meniscus
O shaped = lateral meniscus
Name the ligaments that connect the lateral meniscus to the femur + their site of insertion
Anterior + posterior meniscofemoral ligaments, medial surface of medial epicondyle (in intercondylar groove)
The patellar ligament is a continuation of the … lig.
Quadriceps
The patellar ligament inserts into…
The tibial tuberosity
The medial (tibial) collateral ligament originates in… and inserts in…
The medial epicondyle, below the adductor tubercle; inserts in the medial portion of the proximal tibia (above and posterior to the pes anserinus)
The lateral (fibular) collateral ligament originates in… and inserts in…
The lateral epicondyle (above the popliteus), into a groove in the lateral portion of the fibular head
The ACL originates in… and inserts in…
The anterior intercondylar area, medial surface of lateral condyle
The PCL originates in… and inserts in…
Posterior intercondylar area, lateral surface of medial condyle
The ACL prevents the … displacement of the tibia with regards to the femur
Anterior
The PCL prevents the … displacement of the tibia with regards to the femur
Posterior
The proximal tibiofibular joint is a … type of joint
Planar (synovial), with very little movement
Name the 2 ligaments of the proximal tibiofibular joint
Anterior + posterior tibiofibular ligaments
The tibiofibular syndesmosis originates in…
The interosseous borders of both bones
The fascicles of the tibiofibular syndesmosis have 2 orientations. Name them and their function
Oblique + lateral, prevent the distal displacement of the fibula
There are 2 “holes” in the tibiofibular syndesmosis. Name them + the structures that pass through them
Proximal aperture — anterior tibial vessels
Distal aperture — perforating branch of fibular artery
Where do the muscles of the leg insert?
In the tibiofibular syndesmosis
The distal tibiofibular joint is a … type of joint
Fibrous (syndesmosis)
Name the articular surfaces of the distal TF joint
Fibular notch in tibia + convex surface of fibula
Name the 3 ligaments of the distal TF joint
Interosseous, anterior + posterior
The fascicles of the anterior interosseous lig. have an … orientation
Oblique
The fascicles of the posterior interosseous lig. have a … orientation
Horizontal
The tibia + the fibula form a “structure” in the distal TF joint. Name it
Tibiofibular socket
