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anatomy > upper limb innervation > Flashcards

upper limb innervation Flashcards

1
Q

The brachial plexus is made up of … rami of spinal nerves … to …

A

Ventral rami, C5 to T1

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2
Q

Name the different parts of the brachial plexus

A

Roots, trunks, divisions, chords + branches

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3
Q

The rami of C5 and C6 converge to form the … trunk

A

Superior

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4
Q

C7 forms the … trunk

A

Middle

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5
Q

C8 and T1 converge to form the … trunk

A

Inferior

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6
Q

The trunks of the brachial plexus have 2 …

A

Divisions, anterior + posterior

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7
Q

The posterior divisions of the brachial plexus converge to form the …

A

Posterior chord

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8
Q

Name the nerves that arise from the branches of the posterior chord of the brachial plexus …

A

Subscapular, thoracodorsal, axillary + radial

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9
Q

The nerves that arise from the posterior chord of the brachial plexus innervate the … compartment of the upper limb

A

Posterior

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10
Q

The chords of the brachial plexus are named based on their position regarding the … portion of the … artery

A

2., axillary

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11
Q

Name the 3 chords of the brachial plexus

A

Medial, lateral + posterior

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12
Q

Each chord divides into … main branches

A

2

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13
Q

Name the 2 main branches that arise from the posterior chord of the brachial plexus

A

Radial + axillary nerve

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14
Q

Name the 2 main branches that arise from the medial chord of the brachial plexus

A

Ulnar + median nerve

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15
Q

Name the 2 main branches that arise from the lateral chord of the brachial plexus

A

Musculocutaneous + median

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16
Q

Name the 2 muscles through which the ventral rami of the spinal nerves of the brachial plexus pass

A

Anterior + middle scalene muscles

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17
Q

Which muscle is innervated by the long thoracic nerve?

A

Serratus anterior

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18
Q

What’s the name of the condition that appears when the long thoracic nerve is injured (hint: there’s a lack of scapular protraction during arm movement)

A

Winged scapula (scapula alata)

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19
Q

Name the 2 nerves that innervate the pec major

A

Lateral + medial pectoral nerves

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20
Q

Name the nerve that “pierces” through the clavipectoral fascia + innervates the pec major

A

Lat. pectoral nerve

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21
Q

The medial pectoral nerve runs between 2 vessels. Name them

A

Axillary artery + vein

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22
Q

The 2 radial nerves “connect” in front of an artery. Name it

A

Axillary artery

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23
Q

The medial pectoral nerve pierces through the …, innervating it

A

Pec minor

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24
Q

The subscapular nerves originate from the … chord, innervating 2 muscles. Name them

A

Posterior chord, subscapularis + teres major

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25
Q

Name the nerve that innervates the latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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26
Q

Explain the trajectory of the thoracodorsal nerve

A

It accompanies the thoracodorsal vessels along the anterolateral surface of the latissimus dorsi

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27
Q

Which nerve perforates the coracobrachialis + descends towards the forearm between the biceps + brachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous

28
Q

The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve derives from the musculocutaneous nerve. It perforates a fascia between 2 muscles to give rise to that nerve. Name the 3 structures

A

Deep fascia, between the biceps + the brachioradialis

29
Q

Name the nerve that innervates the skin + fascia of the proximal medial part of the arm

A

Medial brachial cutaneous nerve

30
Q

Name the nerve that pierces the deep fascia of the forearm + accompanies the basilic vein to the anterior surface of the elbow

A

Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

31
Q

Which nerve innervates the medial region of the forearm?

A

The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

32
Q

Which nerve is a cutaneous branch of T2 + innervates the medial cutaneous region of the arm?

A

The intercostobrachial nerve

33
Q

Anterior to which muscle does the first portion of the axillary nerve descend?

A

Subscapularis muscle

34
Q

Alongside with which vessels does the axillary nerve pass to the back?

A

Posterior humeral circumflex

35
Q

The posterior humeral circumflex vessels + the axillary nerve pass through a space to the back. What is it called?

A

Quadrangular space

36
Q

The motor trunk of the axillary nerve surrounds a part of the humerus. Which one is it?

A

The neck

37
Q

Does the median nerve give a branch in the arm?

A

No

38
Q

Name the nerve that descends laterally to the brachial artery

A

Median

39
Q

The median nerve, once it passed under the bicipital aponeurosis, gives rise to 2 branches for 2 muscles. Which are they?

A

Palmaris longus + flexor carpi radialis

40
Q

The median nerve enters the forearm by passing between the 2 heads of a muscle (together with the ulnar artery). Name that muscle

A

Pronator teres

41
Q

The flexor pollicis longus, lateral 1/2 of FDP and pronator quadratus are innervated by a branch of the median nerve. What is it called?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve

42
Q

The main trunk of the median nerve descends through the deep surface of the …, innervating it

A

FDS

43
Q

At the level of the wrist, the median nerve gives rise to a branch that becomes superficial + innervates the cutaneous region of the thenar eminence. What is its name?

A

Palmar cutaneous branch

44
Q

Does the median nerve enter into the hand through the carpal tunnel?

A

Yes

45
Q

Name the muscles of the hand that are innervated by the motor (recurrent) branch of the median nerve

A

Abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis

46
Q

The 3 common palmar digital nerves arise from the … nerve and provide 2 proper palmar digital nerves for the … to … fingers

A

Median, 1. to radial half of the 4.

47
Q

The proper palmar nerves send dorsal branches (dorsal digital nerves) to innervate the … of the dorsal surfaces of the distal phalanx of the thumb and the 3. to 5. fingers

A

Skin

48
Q

Explain the trajectory of the ulnar nerve with regards to the triceps (arm)

A

It descends in front of it in the medial region

49
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve cross the intermuscular septum (in the arm)?

A

At the distal half of it

50
Q

Between which 3 structures does the ulnar nerve enter the forearm?

A

The medial epicondyle, olecranon + flexor carpi ulnaris

51
Q

Name the 2 muscles of the foream that are innervated by the ulnar nerve

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris + medial half of the FDP

52
Q

At which portion of the arm does the ulnar nerve join the ulnar artery?

A

Middle 1/3

53
Q

The cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve innervates … and …

A

The back of the hand and fingers (in the most ulnar region)

54
Q

Name the 2 branches of the ulnar nerve

A

Deep (motor) and superficial (sensitive)

55
Q

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve innervates …

A

The muscles of the hypothenar eminence, the interossei, the 3. and 4. lumbrical muscles + the adductor pollicis

56
Q

The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve gives branches to …

A

The pinky + medial (ulnar) half of the 4. finger

57
Q

The radial nerve descends in the arm between an artery and a muscle. Name them

A

Humeral artery + long head of the triceps

58
Q

The radial nerve branches off inferolaterally with the …

A

Deep brachial artery

59
Q

Where is the canal of the radial nerve located?

A

Deep to the lateral head of the triceps

60
Q

In the lateral epicondyle, the radial nerve gives branches to innervate 3 muscles of the forearm. Name them

A

Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis

61
Q

Name the 2 main branches of the radial nerve + where they arise

A

Superficial (sensory) + deep (motor), elbow

62
Q

The brachioradialis covers one of the 2 main branches of the radial nerve (along with the radial artery) as they descend into the forearm. Which one is it?

A

Superficial branch

63
Q

The … branch of the radial nerve passes between the 2 portions of the brachioradialis (innervating it)

A

Deep

64
Q

The deep branch of the radial nerve surrounds laterally + posteriorly the neck of the radius, in between the 2 layers of a certain muscle. Name it

A

Supinator

65
Q

What’s the name of the deep branch of the RN as it leaves the supinator muscle + remains between the superficial and deep extensor planes?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

66
Q

The deep RN branches into 2 main branches. Name them and the structures they innervate

A

Superficial: extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi + extensor carpi ulnaris
Deep: extensor pollicis longus + brevis, extensor indicis, abductor pollicis longus

anatomy (23 decks)

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