Vertebral Column/Spinal Column (Vertebral Foramen) Flashcards
What name is given to the opening located within the vertebral body-vertebral arch enclosure?
The vertebral foramen
What is the name given to the union of all vertebral foramina into an apparent vertical cylinder?
The vertebral canal or spinal canal
What is the typical shape/outline of the vertebral foramen at each region of the spinal column/vertebral column?
Cervical- triangular; thoracic- oval; lumbar- triangular; sacrum- triangular
What are the segmental arteries?
The arteries whose branches supply the vertebra or segment
What are the segmental arteries of the cervical spine?
The vertebral artery, ascending cervical artery, and deep cervical artery
What are the segmental arteries of the thoracic spine?
The deep cervical artery, superior (highest) intercostal artery, posterior intercostal artery and subcostal artery
What are the segmental arteries of the lumbar spine?
The lumbar arteries, iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery and median (middle) sacral artery
What are the segmental arteries of the fifth lumbar vertebra?
The iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery, and median (middle) sacral artery
What are the segmental arteries of the sacrum?
Lateral sacral artery and median (middle) sacral artery
Which branch of the dorsospinal artery will penetrate the meninges to enter subarachnoid space?
Spinal artery
What are the branches of the spinal artery?
Osseous arteries, anterior spinal canal artery, posterior spinal canal artery, anterior medullary feeder artery, posterior medullary feeder artery, anterior radicular artery, posterior radicular artery
What arteries are observed in the epidural space near the posterior longitudinal ligament?
Anterior spinal canal artery and plexus
What arteries are observed in the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum?
Posterior spinal canal artery and plexus
Which vessel will supply the ventral/anterior nerve rootlet and nerve root?
Anterior radicular artery
Which vessel will supply the dorsal/posterior nerve rootlets, nerve root and nerve root ganglion?
Posterior radicular artery
What is the name given to the artery which lies in front of the spinal cord along its length?
Anterior spinal artery
The anterior spinal artery is a branch of which artery?
The vertebral artery
Is the anterior spinal artery a single, continuous artery along the spinal cord?
No
As the anterior spinal artery continues along the spinal cord, which arteries unite along its length to give the appearance of a single continuous vessel?
Anterior medullary feeder arteries
The posterior spinal artery is a branch of which artery?
The posterior inferior cerebellar artery
What is the position of the posterior spinal artery relative to the spinal cord?
It lies in the posterolateral sulcus along the spinal cord
What forms the arterial vasa corona above C3?
Right and left anterior spinal arteries, right and left posterior spinal arteries,m and 4 communicating arteries
What forms the arterial vasa corona below C6?
A median anterior spinal artery, right and left posterior spinal arteries, and 3 communicating arteries
What are the intramedullary branches of the arterial vasa corona?
Pial perforating arteries, central/ventral/sulcal perforating arteries
What arterial vasa corona branches supply gray matter and most of the spinal cord?
Ventral/central/sulcal perforating arteries
What is the primary artery supplementing the arterial vasa corona?
Anterior medullary feeders and posterior medullary feeders
What vessels drain the spinal cord?
Pial veins
What will pial veins drain into?
Venous vasa corona
Which vessels form the venous vasa corona?
Right and left anterior longitudinal veins, right and left posterior longitudinal veins, and 4 communicating veins
Which vessel will drain the venous vasa corona?
Anterior medullary veins, posterior medullary veins
What vessel will drain the dorsal/posterior nerve root ganglion?
Posterior radicular veins
What veins will lie in the subarachnoid space?
Pial veins, venous vasa corona, anterior longitudinal veins, posterior longitudinal veins, communicating veins, anterior medullary veins, posterior medullary veins, anterior radicular veins, posterior radicular veins
What veins are observed in the epidural space near the posterior longitudinal ligament?
Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus, basivertebral vein
What veins are observed in the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum?
Posterior internal vertebral venous plexus
What venous vessels are identified in the intervertebral foramen?
Intervertebral veins
Identify the meninges of the spinal cord (spinal medulla or medulla spinalis) and the commonly accepted meaning of each.
Dura mater- tough mother
Arachnoid mater- spider mother
Pia mater- tender or delicate mother
Name and locate each space formed between the osseous vertebral foramen and the spinal cord (spinal medulla or medulla spinalis).
Epidural space- between the vertebral foramen and the dura mater
Subdural space- between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space- between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater
What is the name given to the fluid within the epidural space?
Interstitial fluid
Which of the contents of the epidural space will be found near the vertebral body?
- Anterior spinal canal artery and plexus
- Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus
- Basivertebral vein
- Recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral, sinus vertebral nerve
- Posterior longitudinal ligament
- Hofmann/anterior dural/meningovertebral ligaments
Which of the contents of the epidural space are more likely located near or around the posterior longitudinal ligament?
- Anterior spinal canal artery and plexus
- Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus
- Basivertebral vein
- Recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve
- Hofmann/anterior dural/meningovertebral ligaments
Which of the contents of the epidural space will be found near the lamina?
- Posterior spinal canal artery and plexus
- Posterior internal vertebral venous plexus
- Ligamnetum flavum
What is the name given to the fluid present within the subdural space?
Serous fluid
What is the name given to the fluid within the subarachnoid space?
Cerebrospinal fluid
What contents of the subarachnoid space are changed below the level C6?
The arterial vasa corona consists of 12 anterior spinal artery, 2 posterior spinal arteries, and 3 communicating arteries
What is the name given to the lateral extension of pia mater along the spinal cord?
Dentate (denticulate) ligament
What is the unique feature of veins along the spinal canal?
They lack the bicuspid valve of typical veins
