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Spinal Anatomy > Regions of the Vertebral Column: Thoracic Region (Typical Thoracic Vertebrae T2-T8) > Flashcards

Regions of the Vertebral Column: Thoracic Region (Typical Thoracic Vertebrae T2-T8) Flashcards

1
Q

What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?

A

The vertebral body, transverse process, articular process, and spinous process

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2
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral body of a typical thoracic from superior view?

A

Triangular

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3
Q

On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for the T2-T4 group?

A

The vertebral body will have bilaterally convex sides

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4
Q

What is the name given to the left side appearance of the vertebral body of T5-T8?

A

The aortic impression

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5
Q

What part of the vertebral body is most influenced by the aorta at T5-T8?

A

The left side superior and inferior epiphyseal rims

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6
Q

What is the height pattern of the typical thoracic vertebral body?

A

The posterior height is greater than the anterior height by one to two millimeters

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7
Q

What is the principal cause of the posterior curve of the thoracic spine?

A

The vertebral body height differences

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8
Q

In terms of the anterior-posterior curves of the vertebral column, what direction will the thoracic spine face?

A

Posterior

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9
Q

What is another way of naming a posterior curve pattern?

A

A kyphotic curve

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10
Q

What joint classifications are identified at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis, and synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

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11
Q

How many synovial joints are formed at eh vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

Four

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12
Q

How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

Two

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13
Q

How many joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

Typically ten (fourteen if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)

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14
Q

What is the name given to the joint formed between the vertebral body and rib?

A

Costocentral joints

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15
Q

Which of the demi-facets on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic is larger?

A

The superior costal demi-facet

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16
Q

What ligaments support the costocentral joint?

A

The costocentral stellate/radiate ligament and the costocentral interarticular or intra-articular ligament

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17
Q

What does the costocentral intra-articular or interarticular ligament connect to?

A

The interarticular or intra-articular crest of the had of the rib and the intervertebral disc

18
Q

What is the size relationship between the articulating surface of the head of the rib and the costal demi-facet surface?

A

The rib surface is greater than the costal demi-facet surface

19
Q

Which muscle(s) is attached to the vertebral body of T2-T3?

A

The longus colli

20
Q

What is the position and direction of the pedicle from the typical thoracic vertebral body?

A

The pedicle arises from the upper third of the vertebral body and projects posterior and slightly laterally

21
Q

What is the angulation of the pedicle in the typical thoracic region?

A

Ten to fifteen degrees posterolateral from the sagittal plane

22
Q

Which X-ray view is used to see into the intervertebral foramen of a typical thoracic?

A

The lateral view

23
Q

Which vertebral notch or incisure is said to be prominent?

A

the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

24
Q

What is the overlap of the lamina called in the typical thoracic region?

A

Shingling

25
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen in the typical thoracic region?

A

Oval to circular

26
Q

In which plane will the size of the vertebral foramen of a typical thoracic be greatest?

A

The transverse plane, the vertebral transverse diameter

27
Q

What is present on the transverse tubercle of a typical thoracic?

A

The transverse costal facet

28
Q

What are the osseous parts of the costotransverse joint?

A

The transverse costal facet and the articular surface of the tubercle of a rib

29
Q

What ligaments support the costotransverse joint of a typical thoracic?

A

The supierior costotransverse, inferior costotransverese, and lateral costotransverse ligaments

30
Q

Which muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic?

A

The longissimus thoracic, longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis, semispinalis thoracic, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis capitis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, intertransversarii, levator costarum longus, and levator costarum brevis

31
Q

How can you distinguish between a T2-T4 from T5-T8 segment using the articular process?

A
  • At T2-T4 the width between the superior articular processes is greater than the width between the inferior articular processes of that vertebra
  • At T5-T8 the width between the superior articular processes is equal to or the same as the width between the inferior articular processes of that vertebra
32
Q

What is the angulation of the articular facet of a typical thoracic?

A

About ten to twenty degrees from the coronal plane; sixty degrees from the horizontal plane

33
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of a typical thoracic?

A

They face backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)

34
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of a typical thoracic?

A

They face forward, downward, and medial (ForMeD)

35
Q

How many synovial joints are present at a typical thoracic?

A

Ten

36
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces for ribs are present on a typical thoracic?

A

Six

37
Q

What name is given to the region between the superior and inferior articular processes in the typical thoracics?

A

The pars interarticularis

38
Q

What is the angulation of the spinous process in the typical thoracic region?

A
  • The undersurface of T2-T4 spinous processes will angle up to forty degrees from the horizontal plane
  • The undersurface of T5-T8 spinous processes will angle up to sixty degrees from the horizontal plane
39
Q

Which muscles may attach to the spinous process of a typical thoracic?

A

The trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major, serratus posterior superior, splenius cervicis, splenius capitis, spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, spinalis capitis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, and interspinalis

40
Q

What muscles are associated with the five muscle layers of the true back?

A

Layer one consists of the trapezius and latissimus dorsi
Layer two consists of the rhomboids and levator scapulae
Layer three consists of the serratus posterior
Layer four consists of the erector spinae
Layer five consists of the transversospinalis

Spinal Anatomy (33 decks)

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