Cells, Matrix, Ossification, Bone Density, Bone Variation

Question 1

What is the primary constituent of the ground substance?

Answer 1

Glycosaminoglycans

Question 2

What is the principal type of protein fiber in bone?

Answer 2

Collagen type I

Question 3

What is the most frequently described deposit in bone?

Answer 3

Hydroxyapatite

Question 4

What are the three responses of bone which allow it to be described as “living”?

Answer 4

It has the ability to heal, to remodel under stressors, and to age

Question 5

What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in mesenchyme?

Answer 5

Intramembranous ossification

Question 6

What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in cartilage?

Answer 6

Endochondral ossification

Question 7

What is the timing for the appearance of ossification in cartilage?

Answer 7

From the second to fifth month in utero

Question 8

What part of the skull is derived form endochondral ossification?

Answer 8

Chondrocranium

Question 9

What bone of the appendicular skeleton is formed by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?

Answer 9

Clavicle

Question 10

What are the names given to the centers of ossification based on time of appearance?

Answer 10

• Primary centers of ossification appear before birth

- Secondary centers of ossification appear after birth

Question 11

What are the primary sources of variation observed in bone?

Answer 11

• Gender variation (sexual dimorphism)
• Ontogenetic variation (growth or age variation)
• Geographic or population-based variation (ethnic variation)
• Idiosyncratic variation (individual variation)