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Spinal Anatomy > The Head: Scalp, The Face, The Orbit, The Eyeball, The Ear, and The Parotid Region > Flashcards

The Head: Scalp, The Face, The Orbit, The Eyeball, The Ear, and The Parotid Region Flashcards

1
Q

What can the five layers of the scalp spell?

A

Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose Connective Tissue, Periosteum… SCALP

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2
Q

What are the principal sources of blood to the scalp?

A

Internal carotid and external carotid artery branches

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3
Q

What location will each branch of the fifth cranial nerve pass into upon exit from the middle cranial fossa?

A

Ophthalmic nerve-orbit; maxillary nerve- pterygopalatine region; mandibular nerve- infratemporal region

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4
Q

Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the scalp?

A

All 3 divisions: ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, and mandibular nerve

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5
Q

What nerve(s) and cord levels of origin to the cervical plexus supply the scalp?

A

Greater auricular nerve- C2, C3 ventral rami branches; Lesser occipital nerve- C2(C3) ventral rami branches

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6
Q

Which dorsal ramus nerve branch (name and cord level of origin) supplies the scalp?

A

Greater occipital nerve- C2, C3 communicating ramus

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7
Q

What nerve(s) provide motor innervation to the scalp?

A

Facial nerve branches

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8
Q

What type of motor fibers to skeletal muscle are given off by the facial nerve?

A

Branchial efferent (BE)

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9
Q

What is the embryonic origin of skeletal muscles innervated by the facial nerve?

A

The skeletal muscle is derviced from teh branchial arches hence branchial efferent

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10
Q

What is the third layer of the scalp associated with?

A

Muscular component of the scalp

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11
Q

What muscle(s) are specifically associated with the scalp?

A

Frontalis and occipitalis bellies of the epicranius muscle

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12
Q

The bellies of the epicranius muscle are connected by what structure?

A

Galea aponeurotica

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13
Q

What is unusual/unique about the muscles of the face?

A

They do not act as lever muscles; they do not attach to bone at both origin and insertion

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14
Q

Which muscles lack any attachment to bone?

A

Orbicularis oris, procerus, and risorius

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15
Q

What is the source of innervation for all muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve branches

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16
Q

What opening(s) are located along the superior wall of the orbit?

A

Optic canal

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17
Q

What are the contents of the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

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18
Q

What is the name given to the medial wall of the orbit?

A

Lamina papyracea

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19
Q

What opening(s) are located along the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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20
Q

What opening(s) are located along the inferior wall of the orbit?

A

Inferior orbital fissure

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21
Q

What is contained int eh inferior orbital fissure?

A

Maxillary division fo trigeminal nerve

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22
Q

What are the layers of the eyelid?

A

Skin, orbicularis oculi muscle, tarsal plate/tarsus, and palpebral conjunctiva

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23
Q

What are the names given to the modified sebaceous gland in the tarsus of the eyelid?

A

Tarsal or Meibomian gland

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24
Q

What is the location of the Meibomian gland?

A

Tarsus of the eyelid

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25
Q

What is the function of the Meibomian gland?

A

Produces a thick, hydrophobic substance that prevents tears from overflowing onto the cheeks along the margin of the eyelid

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26
Q

What is the name of the modified sebaceous gland at the base of the eyelash?

A

Ciliary gland

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27
Q

Visceral efferent fibers conveyed in the seventh cranial nerve originate from which nucleus?

A

Superior salivary nucleus

28
Q

Preganglionic visceral efferent fibers of cranial nerve VII will exit the pons in what nerve?

A

Nervus intermedius, nerve of Wrisberg, sensory root of facial nerve

29
Q

Which immediate branch of the seventh cranial nerve will convey preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers to the lacrimal gland?

A

Greater petrosal or greater superficial petrosal nerve

30
Q

What is the continuation of the greater petrosal nerve of the seventh cranial nerve?

A

Vidian nerve or nerve of the pterygoid canal

31
Q

What are teh names of the ganglion of synapse in teh efferent pathway to teh lacrimal galnd?

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion, sphenopalatine ganglion, Meckels’s ganglion

32
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers from the pterygopalatine, sphenopalatine or Meckel’s ganglion will become incorporated in which cranial nerve branch?

A

Maxillary nerve of the trigeminal

33
Q

The zygomaticotemporal nerve will convey postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers to the lacrimal gland through a communication with which branch of the fifth cranial nerve?

A

Ophthalmic nerve

34
Q

Sympathetic stimulation of the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

A

Vasoconstriction of blood vessels, limited availability of water to secretory units, more viscous or thicker product formed in glandular lumen

35
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation of targets in the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

A

Vasodilatation of blood vessels, increased availability of water to secretory units, thinner or more watery product in lumen; constriction of myoepithelial cells leading to release of product from secretory lumen into duct system

36
Q

What are the names of the layers of the eyeball?

A

Fibrous tunic, uveal tract, and retina

37
Q

What are the parts of the uveal tract of the eyeball?

A

Iris, ciliary body, choroid, and pupil

38
Q

What are the receptor neurons of the second cranial nerve?

A

Rod and cone photoreceptor cells

39
Q

What is the function of the rod cell?

A

Provide vision in dim light conditions

40
Q

What is the function of the cone cell?

A

Provide vision in bright light conditions and mediate color vision

41
Q

What is the most numerous photoreceptor cell?

A

Rod cell

42
Q

What forms the optic nerve?

A

Axons of ganglion cells

43
Q

What is the location of the anterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

Between the cornea and iris

44
Q

What is the location of the posterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

Between the iris and lens

45
Q

What is contained in the anterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

Aqueous humor

46
Q

What is contained in the posterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

Aqueous humor

47
Q

What is the name given to the chamber behind the lens?

A

Vitreous chamber

48
Q

What is the location of the vitreous chamber?

A

Behind the lens, in front of the retina

49
Q

What fills the vitreous chamber?

A

Vitreous body

50
Q

What are the functions of the vitreous body?

A

Maintain retinal curvature; allow minimal light distortion from lens to retina

51
Q

What are the common characteristics in origin and insertion of all rectus extraocular muscles?

A

They all originate from a common annular tendon in teh orbit.
They all insert into the sclera in front of the coronal equator of the eyeball

52
Q

What is the common characteristic regarding the insertion of both oblique extraocular muscles?

A

Both insert onto sclera on the lateral margin of the eyeball behind the coronal equator

53
Q

What is the source of innervation of the specific intrinsic eye muscles?

A

Paraympathetic fibers from oculomotor nerve- ciliaris, sphinter pupillae
Sympathetic fibers from internal carotid artery plexus- dilator pupillae

54
Q

What are the two unique features of the fourth cranial nerve?

A

It is the only cranial with an apparent origin from the dorsal surface of the brain; It is the only cranial efferent nerve to decussate within the midbrain from its nucleus

55
Q

Visceral efferent fibers conveyed in the third cranial nerve originate from which nucleus?

A

Accessory oculomotor nucleus of Edinger/Westphal

56
Q

What is the location of synapse for preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the third cranial nerve?

A

Ciliary ganglion

57
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the third cranial nerve are carried in which nerve?

A

Short ciliary nerve

58
Q

What is unique about the vascular supply of the retina?

A

A single vessel supplies it

59
Q

What vessel supplies the inner tunic of the eyeball?

A

Central artery of the retina

60
Q

What is the name given to the palpable posterior project ion corresponding to the triangular fossa of the auricle?

A

Eminentia triangularis

61
Q

What is the name given to the palpable posterior projection corresponding to the concha of the auricle?

A

Eminentia concha

62
Q

What is the name of the palpable posterior projection of the eminentia concha of the auricle?

A

Ponticulus

63
Q

The auricle will receive sensory innervation via which specific cranial nerve branches?

A

Auriculotemoporal nerve (mandibular division, trigeminal), posterior auricular cutaneous nerve (facial), auricular nerve (vagus)

64
Q

Skin lining the external acoustic meatus contains what modified sebaceous glands?

A

Ceruminous glands

65
Q

What is cerumen?

A

The product of ceruminous glands forming the bulk of ear wax

66
Q

What vein is formed within the parotid gland?

A

The retromandibular vein

67
Q

What branch of the facial nerve penetrates the parotid gland, but is not given off within it?

A

The chorda tympani nerve

Spinal Anatomy (33 decks)

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