Regions of the Vertebral Column: Spondylosis, Spondylolysis, Spondylolisthesis

Question 1

What is the definition of spondylosis?

Answer 1

A vertebral condition

Question 2

What is the definition of spondylolysis?

Answer 2

A vertebral separation or vertebral cleavage

Question 3

What is the definition of spondylolithesis?

Answer 3

A vertebral slippage

Question 4

What are some of the causes of spondylosis?

Answer 4

Congenital, acquired during development, the result of aging, or the result of trauma

Question 5

Lumbar spondylosis has not been reported in what groups of individuals?

Answer 5

Fetuses, newborns, rarely in children under fiver years old, patients who have never walked, and in non-erect species

Question 6

What is the gender bias and locational bias associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 6

Men at L5/S1; women at L4/L5

Question 7

What is the age range typically associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 7

10-20 years old

Question 8

What motion(s) is particular associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 8

Hyperextension coupled with rotation

Question 9

What fills the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 9

Fibrocartilagenous material

Question 10

What name has been given to the material filling the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 10

Spondylolysis ligament

Question 11

What types of neural function(s) have been associated with the spondylolysis ligament?

Answer 11

Nociception, neuromodulation, and autonomic function

Question 12

What is the appearance of the lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?

Answer 12

A Scotty dog

Question 13

What is the appearance of a pars defect in a lumbar vetebra upon oblique x-ray view?

Answer 13

A collared Scotty dog

Question 14

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the neck of a Scotty dog?

Answer 14

The pars interarticularis below the superior articular process

Question 15

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the eye of a Scotty dog?

Answer 15

The pedicle

Question 16

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the ear of a Scotty dog?

Answer 16

The superior articular proces

Question 17

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the nose of a Scotty dog?

Answer 17

The transverse process

Question 18

What characteristics are associated with cervical spondylolysis?

Answer 18

Rare, congenital, gender biased toward men, most common at C6, and linked to spondylolisthesis and spina bifida

Question 19

What characteristics are associate with sacral spondylolysis?

Answer 19

Rare in the general population, within typical percents in the native Alaskan (Inuit) population, seems to be acquired, gender biased toward men, most common at S1, and linked to activities suck as kayaking and harpooning.

Question 20

What vertebral condition results in spondylolisthesis?

Answer 20

Bilateral spondylolysis

Question 21

What is the direction of spondylolisthesis?

Answer 21

Anterior or forward displacement

Question 22

What is the posterior direction of vertebral slippage called?

Answer 22

Retrospondylolisthesis or retrolisthesis

Question 23

Identify all names given to type I spondylolisthesis?

Answer 23

Dysplastic spondylolisthesis, congenital spondylolisthesis

Question 24

What is the locational bias of type I spondylolisthesis?

Answer 24

L5 or upper sacral segments

Question 25

What is the cause most frequently given for type II sponylolisthesis?

Answer 25

Microfractures as the result of repetitive stress during hyperflexion and rotation

Question 26

What gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimensions are associated with type II spondylolisthesis?

Answer 26

Isthmic spondylolisthesis is common in men, located at the L5/S1 level and demonstrates an increase in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal

Question 27

What is the gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimension changes often associated with type III spondylolisthesis?

Answer 27

Degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in women, particularly at L4/L5, and demonstrates no change in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal

Question 28

What causes type IV spondylolisthesis?

Answer 28

Fracture of the neural arch components

Question 29

What are the cause(s) associated with type V spondylolisthesis?

Answer 29

Bone diseases such as Paget disease or osteogenesis imperfecta