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Spinal Anatomy > Regions of the Vertebral Column: Cervical Region (Atypical Cervical Vertebrae: C1/Atlas) > Flashcards

Regions of the Vertebral Column: Cervical Region (Atypical Cervical Vertebrae: C1/Atlas) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

A

Atlas

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2
Q

What features are lacking at C1?

A

Vertebral body, pedicles, a spinous process and the intervertebral disc

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3
Q

What is thought to represent the pedicle at C1?

A

The anterior arch

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4
Q

What muscle attaches to the anterior arch of C1?

A

Longus colli

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5
Q

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of C1?

A

The anterior longitudinal, anterior atalanto-occipital, and anterior atlanto-axial ligaments

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6
Q

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?

A

The fovea dentis

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7
Q

What joint classifications are observed on the anterior arch of C1?

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint and synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint

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8
Q

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

They are elliptical, closer together in front and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces

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9
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

Backward, upward, medial (BUM)

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10
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-occipital zygapophysis?

A

Synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint

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11
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

Asymmetrical, slightly concave, or flattened

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12
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

Backward, medial, downward (BMD)

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13
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-axial zygapophysis?

A

Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

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14
Q

What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1?

A

Tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament

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15
Q

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1?

A

Levator scapula, splenius cervicis, and rectus capitis anterior

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16
Q

What part of C1 represents the spinous process?

A

Posterior tubercle of the posterior arch

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17
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender?

A

Males: about fifty millimeters; females: about thirty-seven millimeters

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18
Q

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?

A

Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and ligamentum nuchae

19
Q

What superior surface modifications of the posterior arch of C1 are present?

A

Groove/sulcus for the vertebral artery and arcuate rim

20
Q

What attaches to the arcuate rim of C1?

A

The posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

21
Q

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament was observed?

A

About age 7 years old

22
Q

Based on the amount of ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament what structures will form?

A

An incomplete ponticulus posticus or a complete ponticulus posticus

23
Q

What forms the types of ponticulus posticus?

A

Ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

24
Q

What are the attachment sites of the ponticulus posticus?

A

It is attached to the arcuate rim of the posterior arch of atlas and to the superior articular process of the lateral mass of atlas

25
Q

What other name may be used to identify a ponticulus posticus?

A

Kimmerle’s anomaly

26
Q

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus

A

Arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal

27
Q

Ponticulus posticus has observed in what ethnic populations?

A

All ethnic population studied thus far

28
Q

What is the gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus?

A

Female

29
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1?

A

Costal element, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

30
Q

What osseous parts of the tranverse process are absent at C1?

A

Anterior tubercle and costotranverse bar

31
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C1?

A

Rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, middle scalene, levator scapula, splenius cervicis, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior, and intertransversarii muscles

32
Q

What suboccipital muscles are known to have facial projections attaching to the spinal dura?

A

Rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior

33
Q

What are the connections between suboccipital muscles and the spinal dura called?

A

Myodural bridges

34
Q

What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to?

A

The lateral mass and the transverse process of atlas

35
Q

What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed?

A

The retrotransverse foramen

36
Q

What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen?

A

The vertebral artery , a branch from the suboccipital nerve, and veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck

37
Q

Which of the ponticles (bridges ) of atlas is most numerous?

A

Ponticulus posticus

38
Q

Which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is only observed in humans?

A

Lateral bridges

39
Q

What is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of C1?

A

Males: 78mm
Females: 72mm

40
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender?

A

A little over 30 mm for both males and females

41
Q

What joint classifications are observed at C1?

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint, synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint, synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint, and synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

42
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?

A

Five

43
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?

A

Two superior articular facets, two inferior articular facets, and the fovea dentis

Spinal Anatomy (33 decks)

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