Contemporary Classification (C. Diarthrosis....Common Features) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of the type I articular receptors?

A

Located in the superficial layer of the fibrous capsule, resemble Ruffini endings, most numerous in cervical zygapophyses and they monitor the joint “at rest”

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of type II articular receptors?

A

Located in deeper strata of the fibrous capsule, resemble Pacinian corpuscles, most numerous in the cervical spine, and monitor the joint during normal range of motion

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of type III articular receptors?

A

Present in collateral and intrinsic ligaments, intrinsic ligaments, resemble Golgi tendon organs, not initially observed along the vertebral column and monitor extreme joint motion

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4
Q

What is the function of type IV articular receptors?

A

Nociceptive, they monitor pain

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5
Q

Type IVb articular receptors would be present in what locations?

A

Accessory ligamnets in general, dense in th eposterior longituddinal ligament of the spine

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6
Q

What are the three modifications of articular synovial membrane?

A

(1) synovial villi
(2) articular fat pads or Haversian glands
(3) synovial menisci and intra-articular discs

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7
Q

What is the generic function of modifications of articular synovial membrane?

A

Aid in spreading synovial fluid

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8
Q

What is the apparent function of synovial villi?

A

Increase the surface of synovial membrane available for secretion – absorption phenomena

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9
Q

Articular fat pads are most numerous in what location along the vertebral column?

A

Lumbar zygapophyses

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10
Q

What is the unique name of the inner or lumenal layer of the synovial membrane?

A

Synovial lamina intima

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11
Q

What are the specific functions of type A synovial cells?

A

Are phagocytic

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12
Q

What is the specific function of type B synovial cells?

A

Secrete proteinaceous substances and hyaluronic acid

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13
Q

What are examples of glycosaminoglycans important in articular cartilage?

A

Hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfates, and keratin sulfate

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14
Q

What is the primary function of bound glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage?

A

Form a network for water retention

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15
Q

What is implied when cartilage is said to have elastic properties?

A

Cartilage can deform and returns to original volume rapidly, a time independent property

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16
Q

What is implied when cartilage is said to have viscoelastic properties?

A

Cartilage can deform and returns to original volume rapidly, a time dependent property

17
Q

Which theory of joint lubrication implies a loss of fluid from the cartilage into the joint space during compression results in increased viscosity of the synovial fluid?

A

Weeping theory

18
Q

Which theory of joint lubrication implies water loss from the synovial fluid increases viscosity of the remaining synovial fluid?

A

Boosted theory

19
Q

Which theory of joint lubrication implies an adsorption of lubricant onto cartilage surfaces is responsible for the low-friction observed during movement?

A

Boundary theory

20
Q

What are the properties of synovial fluid?

A

It is yellow-white, viscous, slightly alkaline, and tastes salty

21
Q

Which substance in synovial fluid was first though to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?

A

Hyaluronate

22
Q

What substance of synovial fluid has been proposed to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?

A

Lubricin

23
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A

Provides a nutritive source for articular cartilage and supply the lubricant for the cartilage surface