Regions of the Vertebral Column: Thoracic Region (Atypical Thoracic Vertebrae T1, T9-T12) Flashcards
How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1?
Four normally
How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of T1?
Two
How many joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1?
Typically ten (fourteen if the rib ligaments are included)
What ligament is absent at the costotransverse joint of T1?
The superior costotransverse ligament
What ligaments attach to the transverse process of T1?
Intertransverse, capsular costotransverse, superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse, and lateral costotransverse
What muscles attach to the spinous process of T1?
The trapezius, rhomboid minor, serratus posterior superior, splenius capitis, spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, spinalis capitis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, interspinalis
How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T9?
Four
How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of T9?
Two
How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T9?
Typically ten (fourteen if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)
What ligaments attach to the transverse process of T9?
Intertransverse, capsular costotransverse, superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse, and lateral costotransverse ligaments
What muscles attach to the spinous process of T9?
The trapezius, latissimus dorsi, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, and interspinalis
How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T10?
Two
How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of T10?
Two
How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T10?
Typically eight (twelve if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)
Which synovial joint surface is absent from the vertebral body of T10?
Inferior costal demi-facets
Para-articular processes are more commonly observed on which segment of the spine?
T10
What muscles attach to the transverse process of T10?
Longissimus thoracis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, intertransversarii, levator costarum longus, and levator costarum brevis
A dimpling or depression of the skin in the thoracic region is often characteristic of the location of which segment?
T10
What name is given to T11?
The anticlinal vertebra
What is the outline of the vertebral body of T11 on superior view?
Kidney-shaped or reniform
What joint classifications are identified at the vertebral body of T11?
Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis, and synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint
Which ligament of the costocentral joint is absent for the eleventh rib?
The costocentral interarticular or intra-articular ligament
What part of the transverse process is absent present on T11?
The transverse costal facet
What ligaments form the costotransverse joint of T11?
The superior costotransverse, and slightly developed inferior costotransverse and lateral costotransverse ligaments
What muscles attach to the transverse process of T11?
Longissimus thoracis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, intertransversarii, and levator costarum brevis
How many synovial joints are typically present at T11?
Six
What muscles attach to the spinous process of T11?
Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, iliocostalis lumborum, spinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, and interspinalis
At which segments of the thoracic spine will the spinalis muscle not attach?
T9, T10
What is the outline of the vertebral body of T12 on superior view?
Kidney-shaped or reniform
How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T12?
Two
How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of T12?
Two
How many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertebral body of T12?
Four are typically identified (as many as six if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)
Which muscle(s) is attached to the vertebral body of T12?
Psoas major and psoas minor
What does the superior tubercle of T12 represent?
The mammillary process of lumbar vertebrae
What does the inferior tubercle of T12 represent?
The accessory process of lumbar vertebrae
What ligaments form the costotransverse joint of the twelfth rib?
The superior costotransverse ligament from T11 and the lumbocostal ligament from L1
Which costotransverse ligament(s) are attached at T12?
None; the capsular, superior, inferior, and lateral costotransverse ligaments lack an attachment to T12
Which costotransverse ligament(s) lack an attachment to T12?
Capsular costotransverse, superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse, and lateral costotransverse ligaments
What muscles attach to the transverse process region of T12?
The longissimus thoracis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, and intertransversarii
Which segment is the last to demonstrate a levator costarum brevis attachment?
T11
Which segment is the last to demonstrate a levator costarum longus attachment?
T10
What is the orientation of the superior articular facets of T12?
They face backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of T12?
They face forward, downward, and lateral (FoLD)
How many synovial joints are typically present at T12?
Six
What is the generic appearance of the spinous process of T12?
Lumbar-like, similar in length to T11
What muscles attach to the spinous process of T12?
The trapezius, latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, iliocostalis lumborum, spinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, and interspinalis
