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Spinal Anatomy > Regions of the Vertebral Column: Cervical Region (Typical Cervical Vertebrae C3-C6) > Flashcards

Regions of the Vertebral Column: Cervical Region (Typical Cervical Vertebrae C3-C6) Flashcards

1
Q

Which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebrae?

A

Ant bear, three-toed sloth

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2
Q

Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebrae?

A

Two-towed sloth, manatee

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3
Q

Which vertebrae are typically cervicals?

A

C3-C6

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4
Q

Which vertebrae are atypical cervicals?

A

C1, C2, C7

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5
Q

What is the shape of the typical cervical vertebral body from the cranial view?

A

Rectangular

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6
Q

What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view?

A

Posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters

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7
Q

What would be the direction of the cervical curve based on osseous features?

A

Posterior or kyphotic

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8
Q

What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?

A

The intervertebral disc height

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9
Q

What is the direction of the typical cervical curve?

A

Anterior or lordotic

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10
Q

At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?

A

C5/C6

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11
Q

What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

Anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left uncinate processes

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12
Q

What are the names of the lateral modification of the superior epiphyseal rim?

A

Uncinate process, unciform process, uncovertebral process, uncus or lateral lip

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13
Q

What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

Anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral frooves

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14
Q

What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?

A

Anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves

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15
Q

What are the names given to the lateral modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim?

A

Lateral groove or enchancrure

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16
Q

What is the joint classification for the posterior lip-posterior groove articulation?

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

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17
Q

What is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

A

Modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)

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18
Q

What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?

A

Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

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19
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the upper surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

A

Five

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20
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the lower surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?

A

Five

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21
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A

Ten

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22
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?

A

Four

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23
Q

What is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?

A

Joint of Luschka or uncovertebral joint

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24
Q

What does the recent literature suggest as to the nature of the joint of Luschka?

A

The joint is representative of intervertebral disc aging which results in loss of lamellar integrity near the joint

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25
Q

What is the functional significance of the joint of Luschka?

A

It appears to stabilize the intervertebral disc while accommodating flexion - extension and requiring coupled motion (axial rotation with lateral bending) in the cervical spine

26
Q

What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body?

A

The longus colli muscle

27
Q

What is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle for a typical cervical?

A

Posterolateral, 45 degrees

28
Q

What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical cervcial?

A

Ligamentum flavum

29
Q

What joint classification will be associated with the ligamentum flavum and its attachment?

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

30
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature?

A

Para-articular processes

31
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will be associated with which classification of bone?

A

Accessory bone

32
Q

Ossification within the length of the ligamentum flavum will be associated with which classification of bone?

A

Heterotopic bone

33
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

Heart-shaped or triangular

34
Q

Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical cervical?

A

Transverse

35
Q

What soft tissue diameter mimics the outline of the typical cervical vertebral foramen?

A

The transverse diameter of the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord

36
Q

The greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebra occurs at ___?

A

C6

37
Q

The greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple?

A

C5/C6

38
Q

List, in order, the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra transverse process beginning at the vertebral body.

A

Costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

39
Q

What muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

Anterior scalene, longus capitis, longus colli, anterior intertransversarii

40
Q

What is the distal modification of the true transverse process of typical cervicals?

A

The posterior tubercle

41
Q

What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

Splenius cervicis, iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis, levator scapula, middle scalene, posterior scalene, rotators and posterior intertransversarii

42
Q

What muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar?

A

Middle scalene and posterior intertransversarii

43
Q

What is the name given to the collective rib-forming region?

A

The pleurapophysis

44
Q

What is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?

A

Sulcus for the ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

45
Q

What is the orientation and angulation of typical cervical transverse process?

A

60 degrees anterolaterally (from midsagittal plane), 15 degrees inferiorly (from the horizontal plane)

46
Q

What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process?

A

The carotid tubercle

47
Q

What will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?

A

The vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus ans postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

48
Q

What is the name of the lamina-pedicle junction of typical cervical vertebrae?

A

The articular pillar

49
Q

What is the name of the surface feature observed between the ends of the articular pillar?

A

The groove/sulcus for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

50
Q

What nerve indents the articular pillar of typical cervical vertebrae?

A

The medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

51
Q

What is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular facets?

A

40 to 45 degrees from the coronal plane

52
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facet?

A

Backward, upward, medial (BUM)

53
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet?

A

Forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

54
Q

What muscles will attach to typical cervical articular processes?

A

The longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidis and rotators

55
Q

What muscle blend with the capsular ligament of cervical zygapophyses?

A

The semispinalis capitis, multifidis, and rotator longus

56
Q

What modifications of the synovial joint are observed in the cervical spine?

A

Meniscoidal folds

57
Q

The greatest range of flexion-extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple?

A

Typically C5/C6

58
Q

What motions are coupled in the cervical spine?

A

Lateral bending and axial rotation

59
Q

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will be similar for what cervical vertebral couples?

A

The C2/C3, C3/C4, C4/C5 vertebral couples

60
Q

Ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will being to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?

A

The C5/C6 vertebral couple

61
Q

What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process?

A

The spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotators and interspinalis

Spinal Anatomy (33 decks)

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