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MSK 💪🏾 > Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A 
Transverse Foramina
• Bifid Spinous Process
• Uncinate Process
• Small Vertebral Body
• Large Vertebral Foramen
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2
Q

Thoracic Vertebra

A
  • Superior and Inferior Costal Facets • Transverse Costal Facets
  • Long Spinous Process
  • Heart Shaped Vertebral Body
  • Spinous process oriented Inferiorly
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3
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A
  • Largest and thick Vertebral Body
  • Mamillary Processes
  • Short Horizontal Transverse process • Short Spinous Process
  • Triangular Vertebral Foramen
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4
Q

Intervertebral Discs

A

Classified as a cartilaginous joint

Outer anulus fibrous surrounds the inner / central nucleus pulposus

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5
Q

Joints and Ligaments of the Atlas, Axis, and Skull

A

There are 3 Atlanto-axial joints: 2 lateral and 1 median.

The median joint occurs between the dens of C2 and the posterior surface of the anterior arch of C1.
The lateral articulations are between the inferior articular facet of C1 and the superior articular facet of C2
The medial joint is secured posteriorly by the transverse ligament of the atlas.
Superior and inferior longitudinal bands of the Cruciate lig. passes from the transverse ligament to the occipital bone superiorly and inferiorly to the body of C2.

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6
Q

Alar ligaments

A

laterally from dens to skull

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7
Q

Apical ligament -

A

is deep to the cruciate ligament, attaching the dens to the skull.

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8
Q

Movement of the Atlas, Axis, and Skull

A

permits the head to be turned from side to side
• During this movement, the cranium and C1 rotate as a unit over C2. As the head rotates to the side, the dens of C2 is the axis point or pivot.

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9
Q

Transverse Ligament Rupture

A

The dens is no longer supported

Crushes the spine

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10
Q

Kyphosis (‘hunchback’)

A

an abnormal increase in the thoracic curvature, leading to a posterior protrusion of the vertebral column

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11
Q

Lordosis

A

is characterized by an anterior tilting of the pelvis (the upper sacrum is flexed or rotated antero- inferiorly) with increased inward curve of the spine

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12
Q

Scoliosis

A

common in young adults and is characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature that is accompanied by rotation of the vertebrae

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13
Q

The Spinal Cord-Tapers off

A

conus medularis

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14
Q

• Cauda equina

A

the lumbosacral nerve roots (ventral and dorsal) that continues into the lumbar cistern

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15
Q

Blood Supply to the Spinal Cord

A

Longitudinal artery originate from vertebral artery

Location: one anterior and two posterior spinal

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16
Q

Blood Supply to Spinal Cord: Segmental Supply

Cervical

A

Vertebral artery

17
Q

Blood Supply to Spinal Cord: Segmental Supply

Thoracic

A

Posterior intercostal artery

18
Q

Blood Supply to Spinal Cord: Segmental Supply

Lumbar

A

Lumbar artery

19
Q

Blood Supply to Spinal Cord: Segmental Supply

Sacrum

A

Lateral sacral artery

20
Q

Two types of segmental blood supply:

A

Segmentalmedullaryarterieswhich anastomose with the longitudinal spinal arteries
• SegmentalRadicularbranchesthat supply the dorsal and ventral roots

21
Q

Artery of Adamkiewicz

A

Great anterior segmental medullary artery (Artery of Adamkiewicz)
• Largest segmental medullary artery
• Arises from the lower thoracic or upper
lumbar region
• Important source of blood supply to lower lumbar and sacral parts

22
Q

Venous Drainage of Spinal Cord

A

The anterior and posterior spinal veins drain the spinal cord
• Spinal veins drain into internal vertebral venous (Batson’s) plexus located in the epidural space
• Batson’s plexus also communicate with pelvic veins, Dural venous sinuses of the cranial vault, and external vertebral venous plexus

23
Q

• Epidural space

A

surrounds the dura mater. Contains spinal nerve roots, loose fatty tissue, small arteries, and the internal vertebral venous plexus of Bateson

24
Q

Subdural Space

A

– potential space

25
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

contains CSF and major arteries

26
Q

Dural Sac

A

Dural sac/Lumbar cistern- contains cauda equina (dorsal & ventral roots of spinal nerves), filum terminale, and CSF
L1/L2

27
Q

The Lumbar Puncture

A

Skin - supracristal line - ligamentum flavum - dura

Lumbar puncture is not performed in the presence of increased intracranial pressure.

28
Q

The Lumbar Puncture-Adults

A

performed between L3/L4 or L4/L5

29
Q

The Lumbar Puncture- children

A

Between L4/5

30
Q

The Lumbar Puncture Layers– Sagittal section

A 
Skin
Subcutaneous tissue
Supraspinous ligament
Interspinous ligament
 Ligamentum flavum
Epidural space
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space

MSK 💪🏾 (36 decks)

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