Anterior Abdominal Wall & Inguinal Region

Question 1

whats in the Rt hypochondriac region

Answer 1

liver, gallbladder

Question 2

whats in the Epigastric region

Answer 2

pancreas, stomach, celiac trunk

Question 3

whats in the Lt hypochondriac region ?

Answer 3

spleen, left colic flexure, splenic

vessels

Question 4

whats in the right lumbar region

Answer 4

cecum

Question 5

whats in the umbilical region ?

Answer 5

small intestine, SMA, renal

arteries

Question 6

whats in the left lumbar region

Answer 6

descending colon

Question 7

whats in the right iliac and hypogastric regions :

Answer 7

appendix, right ovary, bladder (when full), IMA

Question 8

whats in the L iliac region

Answer 8

left ovary, sigmoid colon

Question 9

Camper’s fascia

Answer 9

external, fatty
males fat fuses with the scarpas layer to form dartos fascia
females retain and form labia majora

Question 10

Scarpa’s fascia

Answer 10

• Deeper located and membranous

-continues into the superficial perineal fascia (Colles )

Question 11

external oblique function and innervation

Answer 11

-Bilateral - anterior flexion of trunk
-Unilateral - lateral flexion, rotation
-Segmental nerves
-aponeurosis forms part of the
anterior layer of the rectus sheath

Question 12

internal oblique

Answer 12

-Bilateral - anterior flexion of trunk
Unilateral - lateral flexion, rotation
-segmental nerve

Question 12

transversus abdominus

Answer 12

• Compress and support abdominal viscera

- innervated by segmental nerves

Question 12

what forms the conjoint tendon

Answer 12

-The inferior portion of the IO joins with the
aponeurosis of transversus abdominis
-The inferior portion of TA joins with the internal
oblique

Question 13

Rectus abdominis

Answer 13

Action: flexion, tenses wall
Innervation: segmental nerves

Question 14

Pyramidalis

Answer 14

Action: tenses the linea alba
Innervation: T12

Question 15

Rectus Sheath

Answer 15

The aponeuroses of the lateral abdominal muscles forms a thick sheath that encloses the rectus
abdominis

Question 16

Describe the midline of the rectus sheath :

Answer 16

-All aponeuroses fuse in the midline (linea alba) to separate the left and right rectus muscles

Question 17

Describe the lateral border of the rectus sheath

Answer 17

This is another region of fusion demarcating the linea semiluaris

Question 18

describe the ant. and post . of the rectus sheath :

Answer 18

comprised of different combinations of the aponeuroses

depending on the lev

Question 19

what does contraction of the abdominal wall muscles allow :

Answer 19

• Defecation
• Micturition
• Parturition

Question 20

when do we have forced expiration

Answer 20

When the abdominal muscles contract

and diaphragm relaxes simultaneously

Question 21

Blood supply of the anterior abdominal wall : superficial superior

Answer 21

. Superior part of the wall –
musculophrenic (terminal
branch of internal thoracic)

Question 22

Blood supply of the anterior abdominal wall : superficial inferior

Answer 22

superficial epigastric artery +

superficial circumflex iliac artery

Question 23

Blood supply of the anterior abdominal wall; | superior deep

Answer 23

``` superior epigastric artery (terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery) ```

Question 24

Blood supply of the anterior abdominal wall;deep lateral

Answer 24

intercostal | arteries + subcostal artery

Question 25

Blood supply of the anterior abdominal wall;deep inferior

Answer 25

inferior epigastric artery + deep circumflex iliac artery (both branches of the external iliac artery)

Question 26

which two abdominal arteries anastomose and enter the rectus sheath

Answer 26

The superior + | inferior epigastric arteries

Question 26

which two abdominal arteries anastomose and enter the rectus sheath

Answer 26

The superior + | inferior epigastric arteries

Question 27

lymphatic drainage of abdominal wall : areas above the umbiicus drain to ?

Answer 27

to the axilla or parasternal nodes

Question 28

lymphatic drainage of abdominal wall:areas below the umbilicus drain into

Answer 28

superficial inguinal | nodes

Question 29

Median abdominal incision

Answer 29

At the linea alba good for exploratory laparotomy; advantage is that no blood vessels cross the area, good suture repair

Question 30

Pfannenstiel abdominal incision

Answer 30

- Above the pubic symphysis | - Caesarean section

Question 31

Mc Burney's point abdominal incisions

Answer 31

``` -2/3 between the umbilicus and ASIS •Appendectomy • Avoids ilioinguinal nerve (#12) and iliohypogastric nerve ```

Question 32

Kocher abdominal incision

Answer 32

- Subcostal | • For access to the gallbladder

Question 33

Arcuate line

Answer 33

Termination of the aponeurotic portion of rectus sheath | Transversalis fascia continues

Question 34

Hesselbach's triangle

Answer 34

Medial border: lateral edge of the rectus sheath Inferior border: inguinal ligament Lateral border: inferior epigastric artery

Question 35

Inguinal region

Answer 35

-Provides passage from the abdominal cavity to the lower limb and perineum -Males: spermatic cord, ilioinguinal nerve -Females: round ligament, ilioinguinal nerve

Question 36

How do the testes develop:

Answer 36

-Descends into the scrotum by passing through the abdominal wall -Creates the inguinal canal -Spermatic cord is formed as the testes pass through the different layers, obtaining a portion of each

Question 37

what forms the External spermatic | fascia

Answer 37

formed by external abdominal | oblique aponeurosis

Question 38

what form the Internal spermatic fascia

Answer 38

formed by transversalis fascia

Question 39

what forms the Tunica vaginalis

Answer 39

``` formed by parietal peritoneum contains a small amount of fluid that gets reabsorbed when proximal part becomes obliterated ```

Question 40

what forms the Cremaster muscle

Answer 40

formed by internal abdominal oblique muscle and aponeurosis

Question 41

function of the Dartos muscle

Answer 41

muscle layer that allows for | puckering of the skin

Question 42

Inguinal hernias

Answer 42

protrusion of parietal peritoneum, gastrointestinal viscera (small and/or large intestines), fat through inguinal canal and possibly into the scrotum

Question 43

Direct Inguinal hernias

Answer 43

* Medial to the inferior epigastric vessels * Only through the superficial ring * Acquired * Strain - picking up a heavy object

Question 44

Indirect inguinal hernias

Answer 44

• Lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels • Passes through both deep and superficial rings • Congenital • Patent processus vaginalis

Question 44

Hydrocele

Answer 44

Collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis Usually in infants