clinical anatomy of the axilla and brachial plexus

Question 1

Axilla

Answer 1

This is a pyramid shaped space between the upper arm and thorax

Question 2

where are the anterior boundaries

Answer 2

pectoralis major and minor

Question 3

whats in the posterior fold

Answer 3

teres major ,latissimus dorsi , subscapularis

Question 4

medial boundary

Answer 4

serratus anterior ,ribs

Question 5

lateral boundary

Answer 5

intertubercular groove of humerus

Question 6

Serratus anterior function

Answer 6

It rotates the scapula upward to allow lifting arm above 90 degrees and protracts the scapula

Question 7

Serratus anterior innervation

Answer 7

long thoracic nerve (C5 ,6,7 )

Question 8

function of the pectoralis major

Answer 8

Flexion ,adduction and medial rotation of the arm

Question 9

Pectoralis major innervation

Answer 9

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 10

Pectoralis minor function

Answer 10

pulls tip of shoulder down

Question 11

pectoralis minor innervation

Answer 11

medial pectoral nerve

Question 12

Subscapularis function

Answer 12

medial rotation of the arm

Question 13

Subscapularis innervation

Answer 13

upper and lower subscapular nerves

Question 14

Teres major function

Answer 14

medial rotation ,adduction and extension o the arm

Question 15

Teres major innervation

Answer 15

Lower subscapular nerve

Question 16

latissimus dorsi function

Answer 16

meidal rotation ,adduction and extension of the arm

Question 17

latissimus dorsi innervation

Answer 17

Thoracodosral nerve

Question 18

whats in the triangular space of the posterior scapular

Answer 18

circumflex scapular artery

Question 19

whats in the quadrangular space of the scapular spaces

Answer 19

axillary nerve

posterior humeral circumflex artery

Question 20

whats in the triangular interval

Answer 20

radial nerve

deep brachial artery

Question 21

Subclavian artery ; 1st part (medial to scalene )

Answer 21

Vertebral
Internal Thoracic
Thyrocervical trunk

Question 22

what forms part of the thyrocervical trunk

Answer 22

Transverse cervical
Suprascapular
Inferior thyroid

Question 23

2nd part of the subclavian artery

Answer 23

Costocervical

Question 24

3rd part of the subclavian artery

Answer 24

Dorsal scapular

Question 25

what is the axillary artery and where does it begin

Answer 25

It is the continuation of the subclavian artery and it begins at the lateral border of the 1st rib

Question 26

Proximal part of the axillary artery

Answer 26

superior thoracic

Question 27

Posterior part of the axillary artery

Answer 27

Thoraco-acaromial

Lateral Thoracic

Question 28

Distal part of the axillary artery

Answer 28

subscapular

posterior and anterior circumflex humeral

Question 29

What forms the axillary vein

Answer 29

the basilic vein and the paired brachial veins

Question 30

What vein does the axillary vein receive

Answer 30

cephalic

Question 31

Axillary sheath

Answer 31

surrounds the arteries , veins ,nerves and lymphatics

It can be used for brachial plexus blocks

Question 32

Anterior nodes (pectoral )

Answer 32

receive lymph from anterior and thoracic wall and breast

Question 33

Posterior Nodes (Scapular )

Answer 33

Receive lymph from posterior thoracic wall .back and posterior shoulder

Question 34

Lateral Nodes (humeral)

Answer 34

receive lymph from the medial aspect of the upper limb accompanying the basilic vein

Question 35

Central nodes

Answer 35

Receive lymph from anterior ,lateral and posterior groups

Question 36

Apical Nodes

Answer 36

Receive lymph from all other axillary nodes