Clinical anatomy of the shoulder and the arm

Question 1

What are the bones in the shoulder joint complex

Answer 1

Humerus , scapula ,clavicle and thoracic cage

Question 2

what are the 3 joints in shoulder joint complex

Answer 2

Sternoclavicular
acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral

Question 3

what is the common site of impingement

Answer 3

The subacromial space

Question 4

Sternoclavicular joint

Answer 4

• It is the only articulation of upper limb to the axial skeleton
• stable joint

Question 5

What are the two ligaments that reinforce the acromioclavicular joint

Answer 5

• Acromioclavicular ligament

- Coracoclavicular ligament

Question 6

Midshaft fracture of the clavicle

Answer 6

Shoulder is depressed with arm medially rotated and adducted

Question 7

What are the associated intrathoracic injuries

Answer 7

• Pneumothorax

- Damage to subclavian vein

Question 8

Shoulder seperation

Answer 8

• Tearing of the acromioclavicular joint and
ligament with or without the
coracoclavicular ligament
• Restricted range of shoulder movement

Question 9

What reinforces the Glenohumeral

capsule

Answer 9

Reinforced by
glenohumeral
ligaments and
tendons of SITS
muscles

Question 10

What is the range of motion for the glenohumeral

Answer 10

Inverse relationship
between range of
motion and stability

Question 11

which muscles act on the shoulder joint

Answer 11

Deltoid 
Pectoralis major 
Serratus anterior
Trapezius 
latissimus dorsi 
teres major

Question 12

Function of the deltoid

Answer 12

Abducts arm 15 degrees to 90 degrees

Question 13

What is the deltoid innervation

Answer 13

Axillary nerve

Question 14

What is the function of the Trapezius

Answer 14

rotates the scapula upwards

elavation of the scapula

Question 15

Trapezius Innervation

Answer 15

Spinal accessory

Question 16

Muscles acting in the rotator cuff

Answer 16

• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus
• Teres minor
• Subscapularis

Question 17

Supraspinatus function and innervation

Answer 17

▪ abduction of arm
to 15˚
▪ suprascapular
nerve

Question 18

Infraspinatus function and innervation

Answer 18

ateral
rotation of
arm
▪ suprascapular
nerve

Question 19

Subscapularis Function and innervation

Answer 19

medial rotation of arm
▪ upper and lower subscapular
nerves

Question 20

Rotator cuff injuries

Answer 20

produces severe pain on abduction

leads to partial or full thickness tears

Question 21

Shoulder dislocation

Answer 21

prominence of the acromion with “squaring” of

shoulder contour.

Question 22

shoulder dislocation :What neurovascular structures can

be damaged in this patient?

Answer 22

Axillary nerve and posterior humeral

circumflex artery

Question 23

Innervation of the shoulder joint

Answer 23

• Any nerve that provides motor innervation to the muscles acting on
the joint will carry sensation from the joint

Question 24

shoulder joint Blood Supply:

Answer 24

Branches of the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral and
suprascapular arteries.

Question 25

shoulder joint Venous drainage

Answer 25

Paired veins of the same name, accompany the arteries that supply
the shoulder joint

Question 26

• In the upper limb: If a muscle crosses anterior to a

joint what will happen ?

Answer 26

…it will flex that joint

Question 27

In the upper limb:If a muscle crosses posterior to a

joint…

Answer 27

it will extend that

joint

Question 28

Coracobrachialis function n innervation

Answer 28

Flexion of arm
▪ Musculocutaneous
n

Question 29

Biceps brachii function nd innervation

Answer 29

Flexion of the
forearm,
supination of
forearm
Musculocutaneous
n

Question 30

Brachialis function and innervation

Answer 30

Flexion of forearm
flexor
▪ Musculocutaneous
n.

Question 31

Triceps brachii function and innervation

Answer 31

▪ Extension of the
forearm
▪ Radial nerve

Question 32

Where does the cephalic empty into

Answer 32

axillary vein

Question 33

Superficial veins in the arm :

Answer 33

Basilic vein (medial) eventually becomes deep
▪ Cephalic vein (lateral) empties into axillary vein
▪ Median cubital vein interconnects basilic and cephalic veins

Question 34

Deep veins in the arm

Answer 34

Basilic vein
paired brachial
veins.