Clinical anatomy of the shoulder and the arm Flashcards
What are the bones in the shoulder joint complex
Humerus , scapula ,clavicle and thoracic cage
what are the 3 joints in shoulder joint complex
Sternoclavicular
acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral
what is the common site of impingement
The subacromial space
Sternoclavicular joint
- It is the only articulation of upper limb to the axial skeleton
- stable joint
What are the two ligaments that reinforce the acromioclavicular joint
- Acromioclavicular ligament
- Coracoclavicular ligament
Midshaft fracture of the clavicle
Shoulder is depressed with arm medially rotated and adducted
What are the associated intrathoracic injuries
- Pneumothorax
- Damage to subclavian vein
Shoulder seperation
β’ Tearing of the acromioclavicular joint and
ligament with or without the
coracoclavicular ligament
β’ Restricted range of shoulder movement
What reinforces the Glenohumeral
capsule
Reinforced by glenohumeral ligaments and tendons of SITS muscles
What is the range of motion for the glenohumeral
Inverse relationship
between range of
motion and stability
which muscles act on the shoulder joint
Deltoid Pectoralis major Serratus anterior Trapezius latissimus dorsi teres major
Function of the deltoid
Abducts arm 15 degrees to 90 degrees
What is the deltoid innervation
Axillary nerve
What is the function of the Trapezius
rotates the scapula upwards
elavation of the scapula
Trapezius Innervation
Spinal accessory
Muscles acting in the rotator cuff
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Subscapularis
Supraspinatus function and innervation
βͺ abduction of arm
to 15Λ
βͺ suprascapular
nerve
Infraspinatus function and innervation
ateral rotation of arm βͺ suprascapular nerve
Subscapularis Function and innervation
medial rotation of arm
βͺ upper and lower subscapular
nerves
Rotator cuff injuries
produces severe pain on abduction
leads to partial or full thickness tears
Shoulder dislocation
prominence of the acromion with βsquaringβ of
shoulder contour.
shoulder dislocation :What neurovascular structures can
be damaged in this patient?
Axillary nerve and posterior humeral
circumflex artery
Innervation of the shoulder joint
β’ Any nerve that provides motor innervation to the muscles acting on
the joint will carry sensation from the joint
shoulder joint Blood Supply:
Branches of the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral and
suprascapular arteries.
shoulder joint Venous drainage
Paired veins of the same name, accompany the arteries that supply
the shoulder joint
β’ In the upper limb: If a muscle crosses anterior to a
joint what will happen ?
β¦it will flex that joint
In the upper limb:If a muscle crosses posterior to a
jointβ¦
it will extend that
joint
Coracobrachialis function n innervation
Flexion of arm
βͺ Musculocutaneous
n
Biceps brachii function nd innervation
Flexion of the forearm, supination of forearm Musculocutaneous n
Brachialis function and innervation
Flexion of forearm
flexor
βͺ Musculocutaneous
n.
Triceps brachii function and innervation
βͺ Extension of the
forearm
βͺ Radial nerve
Where does the cephalic empty into
axillary vein
Superficial veins in the arm :
Basilic vein (medial) eventually becomes deep βͺ Cephalic vein (lateral) empties into axillary vein βͺ Median cubital vein interconnects basilic and cephalic veins
Deep veins in the arm
Basilic vein
paired brachial
veins.
