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Anatomy > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

Function of vertebral column

A

support weight, protect spinal cord, serve as axis and pivot, aid posture/movement

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2
Q

Number of cervical vertebrae

A

7

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3
Q

Number of thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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4
Q

Number of lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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5
Q

Number of sacral vertebrae

A

5

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6
Q

vertebral arch

A

made of paired laminae and pedicles

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7
Q

pedicles

A

join vertebral arch and body

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8
Q

laminae

A

flat plates contacting pedicles

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9
Q

vertebral foramen

A

forms vertebral canal; spinal cord runs through

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10
Q

superior and inferior vertebral notches

A

form IV (interbertebral foramina); spinal nerves and arteries exit through

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11
Q

spinous process

A

1 per vertebra; posterior

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12
Q

transverse process

A

2 per vertebra

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13
Q

articular process/zygapophysis

A

4 per vertebra, 2 superior and 2 inferior

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14
Q

cervical transverse foramina

A

convey vertebral arteries

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15
Q

cervical anterior and posterior tubercles

A

on transverse processes

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16
Q

carotid tubercle

A

anterior tubercle of C6

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17
Q

uncinate process

A

raised margins of superior border of vertebral body

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18
Q

C3-C7 vertebral foramina

A

larger due to cervical enlargement of spinal cord

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19
Q

C1 characteristics

A

articulates with occipital condyles, lacks vertebral body, groove for vertebral artery on superior surface

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20
Q

C2 characteristics

A

dens/odontoid process - former body of C1, pivot for skull

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21
Q

C7/ vertebra prominens

A

long spinous process

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22
Q

Thoracic vertebrae characteristics

A

costal facet for rib head and tubercle; spinous process - long and slender

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23
Q

Lumbar accessory process

A

posteriorly on each transverse process

attachment for intertransverse lumborum muscles

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24
Q

Lumbar mamillary process

A

attachments for multifidus and median intertransverse muscles

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25
Q

L5

A

largest vertebra in column;

huge contributor to lumbosacral angle

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26
Q

lumbosacral angle

A

angle between lumbar and sacral vertebrae

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27
Q

Sacrum functions to

A

transfer body weight to pelvis and contribute to strength and stability

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28
Q

sacral canal

A

sacral continuation of vertebral canal

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29
Q

sacral foramina

A

between vertebrae; exit for sacral spinal nerves

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30
Q

sacral promontory

A

anterosuperior projecting edge of S1

31
Q

median crest

A

fused spinous processes

32
Q

medial crest

A

fused articular processes

33
Q

lateral crest

A

fused transverse processes

34
Q

sacral hiatus

A

gap in laminae; inferior end

35
Q

sacral cornua (horns)

A

former inferior articular processes of S5

36
Q

aricular surface

A

part of sacroiliac joint; connects pelvis to sacrum

37
Q

Coccygeal

A

rudimentary tailbone

38
Q

coccygeal cornua (horns)

A

part of Co1, articulate with sacral horns

39
Q

Cervical curvature

A

anteriorly convex, secondary

40
Q

Thoracic curvature

A

anteriorly concave, primary

41
Q

Lumbar curvature

A

anteriorly convex, secondary

42
Q

Sacral curvature

A

anteriorly concave, primary

43
Q

Primary curvatures

A

present at birth, due to differences in A & P portions of vertebrae

44
Q

Secondary curvatures

A

primarily develop after birth, due to differences in A & P portions of IV discs

45
Q

Movements of vertebral column

A

flexion/extension, lateral bending, & rotation

46
Q

Movement restricted by

A

IV discs, orientation of zygapophysial joints, articular capsules, muscles, & ligaments

47
Q

Vertebral body joints

A

articulate via interposed IV discs; secondary cartilaginous joints

48
Q

anulus fibrosus

A

outer portion of concentric fibrocartilaginous circles

49
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

slightly posteriorly positioned gelatinous, elastic, avascular core

50
Q

Unconvertebral joints

A

joints between uncinate processes of C3-C6 and superjacent body

51
Q

Vertebral arch joints (zygapophyses)

A

synovial joints between superior and inferior articular processes; allow gliding between vertebrae; variable orientation limits movements

52
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament

A

strong band extending across anterolateral vertebral bodies and IV discs
prevent hyperextension of vertebral column, stabilizes vertebral body joints
extends from sacrum to occiput & C1’s anterior tubercle

53
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament

A

weaker band extending along anterior aspect of vertebral canal
Prevents hyperflexion of vertebral column
Prevents herniation/protrusion of discs

54
Q

ligamenta flava

A

broad, yellow fibrous tissue extending along posterior wall
connect adjacent laminae
prevents abrupt flexion of vertebral column, preventing injury to IV discs

55
Q

interspinous ligaments

A

connect spinous processes

56
Q

supraspinous ligaments

A

connect tips of spinous processes, extends from C7 - sacrum

merges with ligamentum nuchae

57
Q

nuchal ligament/ ligamentum nuchae

A

extends from external occipital protuberance/ posterior foramen magnum to spinous processes of cervical vertebrae

58
Q

inter-transverse ligaments

A

connects adjacent transverse processes

59
Q

atlanto-occipital joint

A

between atlas & head

allows nodding of head (flexion/extension); lateral bending and rotation

60
Q

atlanto-occipital membranes

A

extend from atlas to margins of foramen magnum

prevents excessive movement

61
Q

Cruciate ligament

A

includes transverse ligament, longitudinal bands, & alar ligaments

62
Q

transverse ligament of atlas

A

holds dens of C2 with arch of C1

posterior wall of dens socket

63
Q

longitudinal bands

A

extend from transverse ligament to occiput and C2 body

64
Q

alar ligaments

A

extend from sides of dens to C1 & foramen magnum

limits head rotation

65
Q

tectorial membrane

A

extends from C2 and through foramen magnum

superior continuation of posterior longitudinal ligament

66
Q

atlanto-axial joint

A

between atlas and axis
movement is primarily rotation
C1 and skull rotate on C2, limited by alar ligaments

67
Q

C1/C2 zygapophysial joints

A

gliding joints

68
Q

dens and C1 articulation

A

pivot joint

69
Q

Spinal arteries in neck

A

vertebral and ascending cervical artery

70
Q

Spinal arteries in thorax

A

posterior intercostal arteries

71
Q

Spinal arteries in abdomen

A

subcostal & lumbar arteries

72
Q

Spinal arteries in pelvis

A

iliolumbar & lateral and medial sacral arteries

73
Q

terminal radicular arteries

A

supply ventral and dorsal roots

74
Q

medullary segmental arteries

A

anastomose with spinal cord’s arteries

Anatomy (20 decks)

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