Superficial Back

Question 1

Dermatomes

Answer 1

area of skin innervated by fibers from single spinal nerve or spinal cord segment
C5 clavicle
C6 thumb
T4 nipple
T10 umbilical
L1 groin
L4 medial foot
S1 outer foot

Question 2

Superficial fascia

Answer 2

subcutaneous tissue - immediately below skin
covers most of body
storage area for body fat

Question 3

Deep fascia

Answer 3

strong, dense deep to superficial fascia

contains no fat

Question 4

Investing layer of deep fascia

Answer 4

covers deeper structures like muscles and neurovascular bundles

Question 5

Intermuscular septa

Answer 5

separates muscles into groups

Question 6

Retinaculum

Answer 6

thickening of deep fascia across tendons of muscles at joints

Question 7

Superficial back muscles include

Answer 7

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid major/minor
(Attach upper limb to axial skeleton, move arms not back - extrinsic back muscles)

Question 8

Superficial back muscles are supplied by

Answer 8

ventral primary rami (because they are upper limb muscles)

Question 9

Intermediate back muscles include

Answer 9

Serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior

Question 10

Deep back muscles

Answer 10

true muscles of back, primary movers of back, innervated by dorsal primary rami

Question 11

Trapezius muscle

Answer 11

attach pectoral girdle to axial skeleton
Flat triangular muscles
2 muscle, cover back of neck and upper half of trunk

Question 12

Trapezius origin

Answer 12

Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7-T12

Question 13

Trapezius insertion

Answer 13

lateral 1/3 of Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Question 14

Trapezius nerve supply

Answer 14

Cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory nerve) - motor

C3, C4 (ventral primary rami) - pain and proprioception

Question 15

Trapezius blood supply

Answer 15

Superficial branch of transverse cervical artery (on deep surface)

Question 16

Trapezius action

Answer 16

hold upper limb to trunk
adduct (retract) scapula, raises scapula, depresses scapula, rotates scapula so inferior angle is moved laterally for abduction of upper limb above horizontal position

Question 17

Nerve injury to trapezius causes

Answer 17

drooping of scapula - shoulder drop

Question 18

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 18

broad, flat muscle
covers inferior half of back (T6 to iliac crest)
Acts on shoulder joint

Question 19

Latissimus dorsi origin

Answer 19

spinous proccess of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae
thoracolumbar fascial
iliac crest and lower 3 or 4 ribs

Question 20

Latissimus dorsi insertion

Answer 20

humerus (intertubercular groove) - between teres major and pectoralis major

Question 21

Latissimus dorsi nerve supply

Answer 21

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8) from brachial plexus

Question 22

Latissimus dorsi blood supply

Answer 22

Thoracodorsal artery

Question 23

Latissimus dorsi action

Answer 23

pulls arm posteriorly and rotates medially

adducts, extends, and medially rotates humerus at shoulder joint

Question 24

Nerve injury to Latissimus dorsi causes

Answer 24

inability to raise trunk with upper limbs during climbing

Question 25

Triangle of ausculation

Answer 25

small triangular gap between muscles at inferior angle of scapula bounded by trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and medial border of scapula respiratory sounds here are less muffled - good place to listen

Question 26

Levator scapulae

Answer 26

strap muscle located in neck and upper throax | lies deep to SCM and trapezius muscle

Question 27

Levator scapulae origin

Answer 27

transverse processes of first 3 or 4 cervical vertebrae

Question 28

Levator scapulae insertion

Answer 28

superior angle of scapula on upper medial border

Question 29

Levator scapulae blood supply

Answer 29

Dorsal scapular artery (branch of axillary a) or deep branch of transverse cervical a.

Question 30

Levator scapulae nerve supply

Answer 30

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and 3rd or 4th cervical nerves

Question 31

Levator scapulae action

Answer 31

Elevates scapula | Rotates scapula to move glenoid cavity and shoulder joint inferiorly

Question 32

Rhomboid major and minor origin

Answer 32

spines of lower cervical (C7) and upper thoracic (T1-T5) vertebrae

Question 33

Rhomboid major and minor insertion

Answer 33

medial border of scapula

Question 34

Rhomboid major and minor blood supply

Answer 34

dorsal scapular artery

Question 35

Rhomboid major and minor nerve supply

Answer 35

Dorsal scapular nerve (ventral ramus of C5) and some fibers from C4

Question 36

Rhomboid major and minor action

Answer 36

Adduct scapula | Rotate scapula so glenoid cavity moves inferiorly

Question 37

Nerve injury to Rhomboid major and minor cause

Answer 37

inability to adduct scapula

Question 38

Serratus posterior superior

Answer 38

lies deep to rhomboid muscles

Question 39

Serratus posterior superior origin

Answer 39

Ligamentum nuchae and spines of C7-T3 vertebrae

Question 40

Serratus posterior superior insertion

Answer 40

2nd to 4th ribs

Question 41

Serratus posterior superior nerve

Answer 41

first 3 thoracic spinal nerves (T1-T3)

Question 42

Serratus posterior superior action

Answer 42

elevates ribs (aids in respiration)

Question 43

Serratus posterior inferior origin

Answer 43

T11 to L2 vertebral spines

Question 44

Serratus posterior inferior insertion

Answer 44

lower 4 ribs

Question 45

Serratus posterior inferior nerves

Answer 45

Last 4 thoracic spinal nerves (T8-T12)

Question 46

Serratus posterior inferior action

Answer 46

aids in respiration by holding ribs steady when diaphragm moves up